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Naturopathic Nutrition > September > Flashcards

September Flashcards

1
Q

What does allopathy mean?

A

Against disease

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2
Q

What is naturopathy?

A

A system of healthcare that promotes and encourages the body’s own self-healing mechanisms

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3
Q

What do people believe that vital force can be stimulated by?

A

Fresh air, sun, clean eating, health diet, fasting, detoxification

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4
Q

What are the main principle of treating diseases in naturopathy?

A

Treat the cause not the symptom, treat the person as a whole, prevention is better than cure, empower patients to take responsibility for their own health

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4
Q

What is a nutrient?

A

A substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and maintenance of life

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4
Q

What is nutrition?

A

The process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth

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5
Q

What is nourishment?

A

The food or other substances necessary for growth, health and good condition

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6
Q

What is a whole food?

A

Food that has not been processed or refined and is free from additives or other artificial substances

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7
Q

What is a superfood?

A

Highly nutritious foods containing all or nearly all the vitamins, minerals and trace elements a body needs

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8
Q

Why are junk foods bad?

A

They hinder cell communication

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9
Q

Which societies and principles were natural medicine built on?

A

Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, Egyptian, Greco-Roman medicine.

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10
Q

Who is the quote ‘let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food’ attributed to?

A

Hippocrates (468-377 BC)

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11
Q

What did Sebastian Kneipp (1821-1897) do?

A

The father of Hydrotherapy

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12
Q

What are the actions of cold water on the body?

A

Decreases peripheral circulation and numbs the area, increases RR

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13
Q

What are the actions of hot water on the body?

A

Relaxes muscles, increases peripheral circulation, decreases RR

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14
Q

What are the actions of alternating hot and cold water?

A

Stimulates blood flow

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15
Q

What did Dr Max Bircher-Benner do?

A

He advocated a 50/50 raw food diet with emphasis on fruit. Advocated for maintaining a nutrient profile in food. Famous for his Bircher muesli.

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16
Q

What did Dr John Harvey Kellogg do?

A
  • promoted the importance of the intestinal microflora
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17
Q

What did Henry Lindlahr (1862-1924) do?

A

Iridologist, who cured his diabetes using natural approaches and then went on to cure other people

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18
Q

Who was Dr Max Gerson (1881-1959)?

A

He was a doctor who treated TB and cancer patients. He said toxicity and deficiency are the two areas underpinning bad health

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19
Q

Who was James C Thomson (1887-1960)?

A

Set up the first natural training college, Scottish naturopath

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20
Q

Who was Dr Bernard Jensen (1908-2001)?

A

Advocated for bowel cleansing as the most important aspect in maintaining health, developed advanced iridology, made a colon hydrotherapy machine

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21
Q

Who was Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)?

A

He developed the germ theory that disease occurs outside the body - bacteria, viruses etc. He developed the process of pasteurisation

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22
Q

Who was Antoine Bechamp (1816-1908)?

A

A French scientist who said that it is not the germs but the terrain where the germs go that causes the disease - acidic, low oxygenated environment that causes disease as the body cannot fight the germs

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23
Q

Who are the ASA?

A

The advertising standards agency - extended their remit to censor natural therapy websites and adverts in the UK

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24
Q

Who was John Rockefeller (1839-1937)?

A

Founded standard oil and had control over oil refinery, he put in lots of money into medical schools in the USA who disregard naturopathy etc

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25
Q

Who formulated the Law of similars?

A

Samuel Hahnemann - like cures like - bee venom for bee sting, coffee for insomnia

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26
Q

What is the homeopathic remedy for a fever?

A

Dab the skin with lukewarm water to mimic the body’s natural response - perspiration

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27
Q

What is the homeopathic remedy for sunburn?

A

Cool down slowly, apply warmth, drink warm things, avoid shocking the body with cold applications

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28
Q

What is the homeopathic remedy for burns?

A

Apply something warm, not ice cold water

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29
Q

What is the homeopathic remedy for frost bite?

A

Rub foot with snow, warm it up very slowly

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30
Q

What is the homeopathic remedy for a hangover?

A

Sip or smell alcohol

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31
Q

What types of deodorants should be used?

A

Not antiperspirants - natural deodorants that allow sweat removal

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32
Q

What are the disadvantages of using antipyrexics for fever?

A

This can delay recovery, fever is useful for getting the immune system into action

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33
Q

What are the disadvantages of antibiotics?

A

They disrupt the intestinal flora and can lead to long-term digestive and immune disruptions. They can be life-saving in certain conditions. antibiotic resistance

34
Q

How long does it take for different part of the body to regenerate?

A

Brain - 1 year, blood - 4 months, liver - 6 weeks, skin - 1 month, bone -3 months, stomach mucosa - 5 days

35
Q

What are Hering’s 5 laws of cure?

A
  • Cure should occur from the inside out
  • More serious organs should be cured before the less seroius ones
  • The mind gets better before the body
  • Symptoms disappear in the reverse order to when they arrived
  • Symptoms disappear proximally to distally
36
Q

What are the main causes of insulin resistance?

A

Excess, processed carbohydrates, trans fats, low level fibres, lack of physical activity, dehydration

37
Q

What is the belief of the chinese body clock?

A

It is believed that each organ functions at its optimum capacity at certain times of the day - it can be used to help determine organs involved in pathology presentation

38
Q

What is the YIN and YANG?

A

Yin - cool - contracting and cooling
Yang - warm - expanding
Not complete opposites

39
Q

What are some Yin foods?

A

cold and cooling foods
plant foods, wet foods, raw foods, foods that grow in spring and summer, refined foods, sweeter foods

40
Q

What are some yang foods?

A

Warming foods, red meats, high calorie foods, chocolate, tea, coffee, spices, root vegetables, fresh food

41
Q

What are some Yin conditions?

A

acne, high blood pressure, migraines

42
Q

What are some Yang conditions?

A

Lethargy, anaemia, feeling cold

43
Q

What is a Yin cooking method?

A

Use of water in cooking

44
Q

What is a Yang cooking method?

A

Use of heat/fire to heat - such as roasting

45
Q

What is the macrobiotic diet?

A

A diet based on the principles of Yin and Yang. It says that health can be achieved by balancing your diet with foods that are neutral. It emphasises chewing foods and avoids using the microwave

46
Q

Which foods are generally heating?

A

Foods that stimulate the metabolism - garlic, onion, ginger, eggs, meat, apples, lemon, cheese, walnuts

47
Q

Which food are generally cooling?

A

Foods that decrease the metabolism - most fruit, vegetables, fresh cheeses, fish, mint

48
Q

Which foods are generally light?

A

Airy foods - rice cakes, popcorn, corn, sunflower seeds

49
Q

Which foods are generally heavy?

A

Meat, wheat, aubergines, greasy dried foods

50
Q

What is research?

A

The systematic study of a subject in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions

51
Q

What is the naturopathic medicine trials pyramid?

A
  1. observations and experiences of practitioners and patients
  2. Laws, principles and conclusions based on experiences of practitioners in clinic
  3. Practitioner case studies in clinic, patient questionnaires, research
52
Q

What are some methods of natural medicine research?

A

Qualitative research, case studies, patient questionnaires - measure you own medical outcome profile, clinical audits, outcome studies

53
Q

When is the MYMOP done?

A

patient fills in questionnaire from visit to visit

54
Q

What is a clinical audit?

A
  • a study to assess whether the best practice is being carried out in clinic
  • to draw out data regarding the effectiveness of treatments carried out in clinic
55
Q

What is outcomes research?

A

Assesses the delivery of care, use of resources and the benefits to patients - can be done by looking at exit questionnaires, assessing cost

56
Q

What does ayurvedic medicine include?

A

lifestyle medicine, herbal, mineral, diet, exercise and detoxification

57
Q

What are the three basic energy types in ayurveda?

A

Vata - thin, dry, cold, mentally agile, anxious
Pitta - medium-bodies, warm, bad tempered
Kapha - strong build, can be overweight, dependable, can get depressed

58
Q

What approaches are included in traditional chinese medicine?

A

Acupuncture, chinese herbs, nutrition, massage, movement - Qi Gong, cupping - based on observation of the natural world

59
Q

What is acupuncture based on?

A

Observations and clinical experiences of clients

60
Q

What are the key principles of acupuncture?

A

There are 12 main channels (meridians) that move energy through the body to create balance and health
meridians represent organs and functions of the body

61
Q

What is an acupuncture point?

A

An area on the skin where a meridian comes to the surface

62
Q

What did Samuel Hahnemann do?

A

He gave Cinchona Bark (China) to people with malaria and found that their malaria disappeared, he came up with the law of similars

63
Q

How are homeopathic remedies ‘proved’ in like cures like?

A

Healthy volunteers take the substance, any symptoms they have are recorded, the substance is then given for symptoms that have been recorded

64
Q

What did Ignatz von Peczely do?

A

He founded iridology, he saw correlations between signs in the iris and pathologies presenting.

65
Q

What did Edward Bach do?

A

He observed links between bowel bacteria and personality traits. He matches plants of similar energy to that of his patients.

66
Q

What did Bernard Jensen do?

A

Came up with a reflex map of which areas of the colon relate to which areas of the body

67
Q

Name some new natural therapies

A

tooth reflex chart, lymphatic drainage, foot reflex zones, kinesiology, thermography

68
Q

What is kinesiology?

A

muscle testing to diagnose and treat - body movement

69
Q

What is thermography?

A

It uses an infrared camera to detect heat patterns and blood flow in body tissues

70
Q

What are three problems with biomedical research?

A

It doesn’t look at the cause, it can be isolated, geared up to make profits

71
Q

Name three researchers who contributed to natural medicine

A

hippocrates, samuel hahnemman, Gerson, Bach

71
Q

What is a systematic review?

A

A review of all available literature in ordered to analyse the effectiveness of a particular compound/technique etc

72
Q

What is a meta-analysis?

A

a statistical procedure for combining data from multiple studies.

73
Q

What is epidemiological research?

A

Research that looks at why something may occur at a population level

74
Q

What is a descriptive study?

A

A study that describes a current situation - e.g how many cancer patients have tried homeopathic remedies

75
Q

What are the main principles of research ethics?

A

beneficence, non-maleficence, confidentiality, right for the participant to quit at any time, right for them to be fully informed, maintenance of standards

76
Q

What is narrative medicine?

A

A qualitative approach to assess the narratives of patients in clinical practice

77
Q

What is outcomes research?

A

Assesses the delivery of care in a particular context and the benefits to patients - MYMOP

78
Q

What is an example of observational studies?

A

Narrative medicine and studies, ethnographic, study of cultures

79
Q

What are the Emic and Etic perspectives?

A

Emic - thoughts and beliefs about local people from the inside (joining them)
Etic - from the outside

80
Q

What are some steps to critically appraise a paper?

A

Who wrote it, and what is their interest?
Who published it and what is their interest?
Who funds it?
Are there any suggestions of bias in the study? confounding factors?
Is the interpretation of the results justified?
What are the outcome measures?
Look at references

81
Q

What are some examples of bias?

A

Confirmation bias
confounding factors
conflict of interest
bias in study design and methology

82
Q

What are the functions of cholesterol in the body?

A
  • precursor to sex hormones (androgens) and cortisol
  • makes up a part of cell membranes
  • involved in vitamin D synthesis
    (is found in high quantities in the brain)

Naturopathic Nutrition (10 decks)

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