Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ORAL EXAM CASES > Differentials per symptom > Flashcards

Differentials per symptom Flashcards

1
Q

sore throat

A

ID: pharyngitis, retropharyngeal abscess, peritonsillar abscess, Infectious mononucleosis, epiglottitis, herpangina, COVID, HFMD, diphteria

Non-ID: esophagitis (hot food/drinks), GERD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute cough in distress

A

COVID
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
Asthma, BAIAE
Foreign body aspiration
laryngotracheitis
epiglottitis
tracheitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

subacute cough

A

Bronchitis
TB
Chlamydia PNM
Mycoplasma PNM
Rhinosinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chronic cough

A

Bronchitis
TB
Pertussis
GERD
TEF
Traceal ring
laryngeal cleft
Tracheomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acute cough (not in distress)

A

ID: URTI
Pneumonia, COVID, Croup

Non-ID: Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Colds

A

ID: URTI, sinusitis
allergic rhinitis
non-allergic: mechanical, structural, FB, deviated septum, adenoids, tumors, rhinitis medicamentosa, vasomotor rhinitis
hormonal: pregnancy, hypothyroidism
neoplasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fever

A

COVID
URTI
Otitis media
Bacterial sinusitis
UTI
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia
viral syndromes
dengue
typhoid fever
leptospirosis
occult bacteremia
CNS infections
PFAPA syndrome
FUO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fever with rash

A

COVID
Viral exanthems (measles, rubella, roseola, chickenpox, erythema infectiosum, HFMD)
Meningococcemia
Dengue
Kawasaki disease
ARF
TSS
Scarlet fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Headache

A

migraine
tension headache
brain tumor, abscess
pseudotumor cerebri
trauma
substance abuse/withdrawal
infections, meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Seizure

A

Febrile seizure
CNS infection
brain tumor
metabolic and electrolyte imbalance (hypogly, hypoCa, hyperCa, hypoMg)
traumatic brain injury
Child abuse
toxic ingestion (Iron, isoniazid, kerosene, organophosphate)
Epilepsy
status epilepticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Raised ICP

A

hydrocephalus
brain tumor
CNS infection
Intracranial hemorrhage
Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Eye pain and discharge/swelling

A

conjunctivitis (viral, bacterial, allergic)
Otitis externa
FB/trauma
referred eye pain: sinus, teeth, pharynx, thyroid, parotid, neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diarrhea

A

AGE (viral, bacterial, protozoan, parasitic)
Malabsorption
Toddler’s diarrhea
Pseudomembranous colitis
Irritable bowel syndrome
COVID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bloody stools

A

Infectious (bacterial, Shigella, Salmonella) E. coli, campylobacter, Yersinia
IBD
Anal fissure
bleeding peptic ulcer
intussusception
malrotation
Meckel’s diverticulum
Hema (platelet dysfunction)-ITP, vWD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Constipation

A

Functional
Hirschsprung disease
Hypothyroidism
Spinal cord abnormalities
lead poisoning
Pseudoobstruction
Fecal impaction
imperforate anus
dehydration
Botulism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Abdominal pain

A

GI: Appendicitis
AGE
Constipation
Intestinal obstruction
intussusception
malrotation with midgut volvulus
mesenteric adenitis
incarcerated hernia
cholecystitis/cholelithiasis/choledocholithiasis
acute pancreatitis
peptic ulcr
gastritis
Non-GI: UTI, renal colic, pneumonia, PID, sexual abuse, HSP, anaphylaxis
functional abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rash/Dermatitis

A

ID: Celullitis, Necrotizing fascitis, erysipelas, impetigo, SSSS, abscess, scrofula, scabies, pediculosis, molluscum contagiosum, tinea faciei
Derma: AD, dermatitis (contact, irritant, seb) hemangioma, SJS, TEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Allergy

A

Atopic dermatitis
urticaria
angioedema
anaphylaxis
dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

NB jaundice

A

physiologic jaundice: breastfeeding/breastmilk jaundice
ID: sepsis, TORCH, UTI
Hema: ABO incompatibility, RH incompatibility, G6PD deficiency,polycythemia, spherocytosis, elliptocytosis
Trauma: cephalhematoma, ecchymoses, caput
Maternal: GDM, SGA, twin to twin
GI: biliary atresia, choledocal cyst, hepatitis, pyloric stenosis
Metabolic: galactosemia, hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

NB jaundice, prolonged

A

choledocal cyst
Biliary atresia
TORCH
Hepatitis
IEM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Delayed meconium

A

meconium ileus/plug
Hirschsprung disease
imperforate anus
Ileus
PT/LBW
electrolyte imbalance
maternal drugs (MgSO4, opiates, antidepressants)
NB drugs (theophylline, opiates, narcotics, hypothyroidism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

NB abdominal distention

A

NEC
Intussusception
sepsis
GI obstruction
diastasis recti
meconium ileus
Hirschsprung disease
hypothyroidism
small left bowel syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

respiratory distress

A

Pulmo (RDS, TTN, MAS, air leak syndrome, PPHN, CCAM)
CV (CHD)
GI (congenital diaphragmatic hernia, TEF)
ID (neonatal pneumonia, sepsis)
Metabolic (IEM, hypoglycemia, hypoCa)

24
Q

NB dysmorphology

A

NB dysmorphology
TORCH
Trisomies (21, 13, 18)

25
Q

NB apnea

A

CNS (asphyxia, CNS infection, inc ICP, sz)
respi (airway obstruction, lung disease, RDS)
CV(CHF,PDA, CHD, heart block)
GI (NEC, GERD, feeding intolerance)
Hema (anemia, polycythemia)
Others (sepsis, metab/electrolyte imbalance, MgSO4)

26
Q

Anuria/Oliguria
NB

A

Dehydration
obstruction
renal dailure
maternal (ACEI, NSAIDS, GDM)

27
Q

NB cyanosis

A

Pulmo ds (Pneumonia, RDS< MAC, CDH, CCAM, PPHN)
CCHD (TGA, tricuspid atresia, truncus arteriosus, TOF, TAPVR)
ID:sepsis
Metab: Hypoglycemia
Neuro: HIE
Others: esophageal atresia, choanal atresia, methemoglobinemia

28
Q

NB fever

A

overswaddled
inanition fever
ID: sepsis, UTI, meningitis

29
Q

weight gain

A

obesity
Cushing disease
Prader-Willi
Hypothalamic obesity
hypothyroidism

30
Q

short stature

A

Constitutional short stature
Familiar short stature
growth hormone deficiency
failure to thrive
malnutrition, systemic chronic disease
hypothyroidism
Turner syndrome

31
Q

Ambiguous genitalia

A

CAH
microphallus
true hermaphroditism
virilization
sepsis
IEM

32
Q

Delayed puberty

A

Noonan syndrome
Kleinfelter syndrome
Turner syndrome

33
Q

weight loss

A

DM
hyperthyroidism
PTB
Malnutrition
Fad diet

34
Q

Polyuria

A

DM
Central DI
Nephrogenic DI
Cerebral salt wasting
Increased oral intake/iatrogenic
Electrolyte abnormalities
Organophosphate poisoning

35
Q

Hypotonia, malformations

A

Trisomies (21, 13, 18)
Turner syndrome
Fragile X
Hypoxic Ischemic encephalopathy

36
Q

Anemia

A

Hema: IDA, Thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, blood loss, physiologic anemic of infancy, anemia of chronic disease
Others: lead poisoning, growth spurt
Nurti: vegan, milk protein allergy, inc cow’s milk intake, faddism, dieting
ID: parasitim
GI: Celiac disease, IBD

37
Q

vaginal bleeding

A

blood dyscrasias
hemangioma, neoplasms
precocious puberty
UTI, vulvovaginitis
Abuse
Trauma
FB

38
Q

murmur

A

ACHD: ASD, VSD, PDA
CCHD: TOF, TGA
Acquired HD: RHD, infective endocarditis

39
Q

arrhythmia

A

sinus tachycardia
sinus bradycardia
heart block

40
Q

heart failure

A

CHF
CHD: VSD, PDA, OCD
Acquired heart disease: myocarditis, pericarditis, cardiomyopathy, AR carditis/RHD
Metabolic: hypoxia, acidosis, hypogly, hypoCa
Hyperthyroidism
severe anemia
Acute HTN (PSGN)

41
Q

chest pain

A

MSK: muscle strain, costochondritis, contusion
CV: pericarditis, arrhythmia, mVP, CAD, ischemia, aortic dissection
Pulmo: pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pneumonia, BA, FB, tumor
GI: GERD, esophagitis, gastritis
Psych: Anxiety/stress, hyperventilation, panic disorder
Others: HZV, drugs (cocaine), breast-related, idiopathic

42
Q

hypertension

A

CV: essential hypertension, CoA, PDA
Renal: AGN, nephritic syndrome
Endo: pheochromocytoma, Cushing disease, hyperthyroidism
Neuro: Inc ICP, dysautonomia, neuroblastoma
Drugs: SC, amphetamines, cocaine
Metabolic: HyperNa, obesity, metabolic syndrome

43
Q

Shock

A

Shock (hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, septic, obstructive
Poisoning
Addison disease

44
Q

Joint pain, arthritis, arthralgia

A

ID: reactive arthritis, postinfectious, viral/bacterial, myositis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, synovitis
Rheuma: SLE, JRA, JDM, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, arthritis of IBD
Vasculitis: HSP, Takayasu arteritis, PAN
CA: leukemia, Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, lymphoma
Cardio: ARF, KD, IE
Growing pains

45
Q

weakness/ paralysis

A

Neuro: MG, GBS, cerebral palsy
ID: Polio, tetanus, botulism, Pott’s disease
Electrolyte abnormalities (hypo/hyperK, hyperCa
Organophosphate poisoning

46
Q

Developmental delay

A

Autism
ADHD
Cerebral palsy
Intellectual disability
learning disability

47
Q

Dysphagia

A

ID: acute viral stomatitis
Structural: oral trauma, nasal obstruction, vascular rings, mediastinal tumors
GI: achalasia, TEF, strictures, esophageal web, GERD
Neuro: vertebral anomalies

48
Q

Regurgitation

A

GERD
GER

49
Q

anorexia

A

CA, inflammatory disease
ID: TB, infections
Drugs
Unpalatable diets
depression

50
Q

Vomiting

A

GI: AGE, GERD, overfeeding, GI obstruction, pyloric stenosis, PUD, esophagitis
Infections: UTI
Metabolic: IEM, DKA
Medications/poisoning
Neuro: inc ICP (TBI, abuse), labyrinthitis, migraine
Endo: adrenal insufficiency, DKA

51
Q

GI hemorrhage

A

erosive damage
bacterial enteritis
milk protein allergy
intussusception
anal fissure
peptic ulcer/gastritis
swallowed epistaxis

52
Q

XR (pleural effusion)

A

TB effusion
consolidation
atelectasis
pulmonary mass/gastritis
heart failure

53
Q

XR: bowel gas pattern in hemithorax

A

CDH
CCAM
Eventration
pulmonary sequestration

54
Q

vesiculobullous rash

A

SSSS
TEN
SJS
erythema multiforme
varicella
bullous impetigo
dermatitis herpetiformes

55
Q

growth failure

A

ID: sepsis, TB, TORCH
IEM (congenital hypothyroidism, CAH, galactosemia)
GI (GERD, pyloric stenosis, atresia)
CHD
RTA
Endo (Prader-Willi, Cushing disease, GH def)
Malnutrition
genetic (Down, Noonan, Turner)

56
Q

Respiratory distress

A

Neuro: inc ICP
HEENT: URTI, sinusitis, FB
Respi: pneumonia, BA, FB aspiration, croup, epiglottitis, abscess, pleural effusion, TB
GI: perforation, obstruction, AGE, hepatic encephalopathy
Renal: CKD, nephrotic syndrome
Metab: IEM, DKA
Trauma: pneumothorax
ID: sepsis, shock

57
Q

Fussy infant

A

GERD
Infant colic
infant dyschezia

ORAL EXAM CASES (51 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions