Module 2 - Getting Started with Data Gathering and Investigation

Question 1

a collection of data is referred to as a

Answer 1

Datasets

Question 2

may exist for the private use of an individual organization or shared across the internet to anyone who wants to reference them.

Answer 2

Datasets

Question 3

Give an example of private datasets

Answer 3

An example of a private dataset is a physician’s patient dataset, which might include patient demographics, test results, diagnosis, and appointment schedules.

Question 4

Give an example of public datasets

Answer 4

World Health Organization (WHO) open data repository, which contains health-related statistics for its 194 member countries and can be downloaded by anyone.

Question 5

Datasets often contain multiple what?

Answer 5

related files stored in different formats.

Question 6

Information about a dataset, including a description of what it contains and how it is formatted, is called?

Answer 6

metadata

Question 7

are valuable tools to provide analysts with an understanding of the data within the dataset.

Answer 7

Metadata files

Question 8

What is Comma Separated Values (CSV) format. ?

Answer 8

most common formats used to package and exchange data

Question 9

There are two basic ways to perform calculations in Excel:

Answer 9

functions and formulas

Question 10

What are the basic formulas then?

Answer 10

+ , -, *, /

Question 11

What are the five basic functions on excel?

Answer 11

Sum, Average, Count, Max, and Min.

Question 12

This function adds the numeric values in the referenced cells

Answer 12

SUM

Question 13

This function averages the numeric values in the referenced cells

Answer 13

AVERAGE

Question 14

This function returns the highest numeric value in the set of referenced cells

Answer 14

MAX

Question 15

This function returns the lowest numeric value in the set of referenced cells

Answer 15

MIN

Question 16

When performing any kind of data experiment or analysis, it is critical to define the key characteristics that need to be measured or observed. These characteristics to be studied are called?

Answer 16

variables

Question 17

The recordings of the values, patterns, and occurrences for a set of variables are?

Answer 17

observations

Question 18

The value or set of values for a specific observation is called ?

Answer 18

data point.

Question 19

The collection of what makes up the dataset for your analysis?

Answer 19

observations

Question 20

Observations usually have a purpose, and the variables included will depend on their relevance to that purpose. For example, if you have lost your pet and have asked other people to help you search for it, only a small set of variables—the dog’s characteristics—are relevant to their observations. What can be those questions?

Answer 20

• What type of animal is your pet? It is a dog.
• What type of dog? It is a Schnauzer.
• What color is your Schnauzer? It is gray.
• What size is the Schnauzer? It is a medium sized Schnauzer.
• How much does the Schnauzer weigh? It weighs 15 kg.

Question 21

Differentiate Observations vs Variables

Answer 21

In data analysis, “observation” and “variable” are two fundamental concepts that are often used to describe the components of a dataset and the process of analyzing that data.

Observation:
An observation refers to a single unit of data or a single data point within a dataset. It represents a specific instance or case that has been recorded. Observations can be people, animals, events, measurements, or any other entities that are being studied or measured. For example, if you’re analyzing data about students in a classroom, each student’s data would represent a separate observation.

Variable:
A variable is a characteristic, attribute, or quantity that can be measured or observed and can vary among different observations. Variables can take on different values for different observations. Variables are the properties you are interested in studying within your dataset. They can be of different types, such as numerical (quantitative) or categorical (qualitative).

Numerical variables: These are variables that represent quantities and can be measured on a numeric scale. Examples include age, height, weight, temperature, and test scores.

Categorical variables: These are variables that represent categories or groups. Examples include gender, color, type of car, or educational level.

In the context of data analysis, you typically work with datasets that consist of multiple observations, each having values for various variables. The goal of analysis is often to explore relationships, patterns, and trends among the variables across different observations. This helps researchers and analysts draw meaningful insights and conclusions from the data.

In summary, observations are the individual data points or cases within a dataset, while variables are the characteristics or attributes that you’re interested in analyzing within those observations.

Question 22

The variables will either be?

Answer 22

categorical or numerical.

Question 23

These variables indicate membership in a particular group and have a discrete or specific qualitative value.

Answer 23

Categorical variables

Question 24

What are the two classified types of Categorical Variables?

Answer 24

Nominal and Ordinal

Question 25

These are variables that consist of two or more discrete categories whose value is assigned based on the identity of the object. Examples are gender, eye color or type of animal.

Answer 25

Nominal

Question 26

These are variables that consist of two or more categories in which order matters in the value. Examples are student class rank (1st, 2nd, 3rd) or satisfaction survey scales (dissatisfied, neutral, satisfied).

Answer 26

Ordinal

Question 27

Numerical variables are what?

Answer 27

Numerical Values

Question 28

What are the two classified types of Numerical Variables / Values?

Answer 28

Continuous and Discrete

Question 29

These are variables that are quantitative and can be measured along a continuum or range of values.

Answer 29

Continuous

Question 30

These types of continuous variables are quantitative but have a specific value from a finite set of values. Examples include the number of sensors activated in a network, or the number of cars in a lot.

Answer 30

Discrete

Question 31

There are two types of continuous variables which are?

Answer 31

Interval Variables and Ratio Variables

Question 32

These variables can have any value within the range of values, and examples are temperature or time

Answer 32

Interval variables

Question 33

These variables are special interval variables where a value of zero (0) can mean that there is none of that variable and examples are income or sales volume.

Answer 33

Ratio variables