Particles, arrangement, melting points, diffusion

Question 1

define an Atom

Answer 1

The smallest particle that cannot be further broken down.

Question 2

define a molecule

Answer 2

particles made of 2 or more atoms covalently bonded together (can be same or diff. type of atoms)

Question 3

define a compound

Answer 3

2 or more diff. types of atoms chemically bonded together

Question 4

define an element

Answer 4

same type of atoms

Question 5

define an ion

Answer 5

a charged particle

Question 6

Describe the arrangement of particles in a solid

Answer 6

Particles vibrate in fixed positions in a regular structure (lattice)- held together by strong intermolecular forces of attraction

Question 7

Describe the arrangement of particles in a liquid

Answer 7

Particles move around and slide past each other and collide often.- They are close together but not in a lattice. The intermolecular forces that hold them are weaker than that of a solid.

Question 8

Describe the arrangement of particles in a gas

Answer 8

Particles move freely and randomly in all directions, collide less often than liquids- and has intermolecular forces weaker than that of a liquid holding them together.

Question 9

Is the state rigid
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas

Answer 9

a) yes
b) no
c) no

Question 10

Is the state able to be compressed
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas

Answer 10

a) no
b) no
c) yes

Question 11

Does the state have a fixed shape
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas

Answer 11

a) yes
b) no
c) no

Question 12

Does the state have a fixed volume
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas

Answer 12

a) yes
b) yes
c) no

Question 13

Can the state flow
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas

Answer 13

a) no
b) yes
c) yes

Question 14

define aqueous

Answer 14

dissolved in solution

Question 15

define molten

Answer 15

melted

Question 16

what are the symbols for the states in a word equation
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas
d) aqueous

Answer 16

a) (s)
b) (l)
c) (g)
d) (aq)

Question 17

Explain what happens to the temperature during melting

Answer 17

During melting, the temperature stays the same because the energy is used to WEAKEN the intermolecular forces and change substance from a solid to a liquid

Question 18

Explain what happens to the temperature during boiling

Answer 18

During boiling, the temperature stays the same because the energy is used to the BREAK DOWN the intermolecular forces and change the substance form a liquid to a gas

Question 19

what is happening when a solid to a liquid to a gas

Answer 19

melting, evaporation/ boiling

Question 20

what is happening when a gas to a liquid to a solid

Answer 20

condensation, freezing

Question 21

what happens to the line on a graph when one of the process occurs and what is it called

Answer 21

the line becomes straight for awhile, heating curve

Question 22

when do particles stop moving

Answer 22

at an absolute 0 (-273 degree C)

Question 23

(off topic) define Resolution

Answer 23

the smallest reading on a piece of equipment.
eg, stop watch counts 2.05s,, the resolution (smallest reading is 0.05)

Question 24

define volatile

Answer 24

turns to a gas easily (low boiling point)

Question 25

define diffusion

Answer 25

moment of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration as a result of their random motions

Question 26

What affects the rate of diffusion

Answer 26

higher temperature, faster diffusion
more molecular mass, slower diffusion

Question 27

when does collision between gas particles take place

Answer 27

always

Question 28

why do gas particles move at different speeds

Answer 28

they each have different amount of kinetic energy stored in them

Question 29

what is the SI unit for pressure

Answer 29

Newton per meter squared = n/m^2

Question 30

define pressure

Answer 30

force acting perpendicular to a surface per unit area

Question 31

define net force

Answer 31

total force

Question 32

when do gas particles change direction

Answer 32

once they collied with another particle

Question 33

how does gas pressure happen

Answer 33

when particles hit a surface, it the right angled to the surface causing a net force and a pressure.

Question 34

what happens when during collision when a particle has high energy.

Answer 34

more energy, more force exerted to the other particles when colliding

Question 35

what happens when the temperature is higher

Answer 35

higher temperature, more kinetic energy store in particles, increased movement of particles, more collisions

Question 36

what happens when the volume of a container decreases

Answer 36

less volume, more collisions of particles

Question 37

what happens when there are more collisions

Answer 37

more collisions, more net force, more pressure

Question 38

define a mixture

Answer 38

2 or more elements / compounds mixed together that can be separated by physical means

Question 39

describe the structure of an atom

Answer 39

Central nucleus containing protons and neutrons, ‘shells’ of electrons

Question 40

the relative charge and mass of protons

Answer 40

Relative charge = +1
Relative mass = 1

Question 41

the relative charge and mass of neutrons

Answer 41

Relative charge = 0
Relative mass = 1

Question 42

the relative charge and mass of electrons

Answer 42

Relative charge = -1
Relative mass = 1/ 2000

Question 43

Define an isotope

Answer 43

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

Question 44

what affects an element’s chemical properities

Answer 44

number of electrons in the outer shell