Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ipt > decision support systems > Flashcards

decision support systems Flashcards

1
Q

decision

A

coice made between 2 or more alternatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

decision support systems

A

systems that assist users in making decisions
task oriented (deisgned to address particular problem)
generate alternatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

dss are based on

A

intelligent systems
non-intelligent systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

to assist in decision making it uses (4)

A

models
analytical tools
databases
automated processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

automated processes

A

acheived via intelligent systems with focus on rules and pattern deterntion in data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

categories of decision making (3)

A

structured
unstrictured
semi-structured

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

structured

A

no uncertanities in problem
decision can be made with machine
solution cna be clearly and definitely determined
dss is not required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

examples of structured

A

allocating grades to students based on test marks
which borrowers have overdue books
can i afford this house?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

semistructured

A

some indication of path to take
dss are most useful
there is a method to follow
requirements are clear cut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

example of semistructured

A

will we approve this house loan?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

unstructured

A

no clear-cut path to decision
decision require human intuition, feelings emotions and insight
significant or complete uncertanity
no method to reach decision
too many variables
judgements required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

example of unstructured

A

will the share price rise?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

systems to support decision making (9)

A

spreadsheets
databases
expert systems
nueral networks
data warehouses
ground decision support systems
managemnt informaiton systems
geographical information ysstems
online transaction processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

spreadsheet

A

software applicaiton for manipulatinf numeric data
used in structure decision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

databases

A

act as data sources for toher dss tools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

expert systems

A

models reasoning of human expert using definite rules
simple if-then rules
query expert system
display rules system used to reach conclusion in both text and as decision tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

examples of expert systems

A

weather forecasting
medical diagnosis
building design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

neural networks

A

learns by experience an then applys knowledge to solve new but similar problems
trained by simple data and results
suited to unstructured sistuations
rely on rules and facts experts already know

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

examples of neural networks

A

OCR
voice recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

data warehouses

A

act as data source for other dss tools

21
Q

gdss

A

ground decision support systems
multiple users can make decisions
voting systems which automatically tallk results
comments cnabe be made and dsiplayed by participants

22
Q

mis

A

management infromaiton systems
help in structured
summarises data from current databases
privide decision makers with information but are not true in dss

23
Q

gis

A

geographical information systems
display geographic information using maps with multiple layers
manipulate view of data
import local data
graphical display of numerical information

24
Q

oltp

A

online transaction processing
create reports from operational databases fpr use by other dss tools
structure decision
allows users to analyse large data stores online

25
Q

steps in deisnging spreadsheets

A

creating pen and paper model
identifying data sources
planning user interface
developing formulas to be used
knowledge base of if-then rules in an expert system

26
Q

structure of expert system (5)

A

knowledge base
database of facts
inference engine
explanation mechanism
user interface

27
Q

knowledge base

A

contians rules for system in if-then format
can be represented in decision tree format

28
Q

database of facts

A

contains all facts generated by system during current execution of problem
facts are derived by inference engine that is evaluation conditions

29
Q

inference engine

A

uses facts from database and ruled from knowledge bases to process condition/premise
evaluate true/false
simulates reasoning of human expert

30
Q

explanation mechanism

A

considers rules and facts that have been used by system to justify conclusions that system has made
prepares output into format user can understand

31
Q

user interface

A

represents booundary between system and user
clear prompts and resposnses
communicates final conclusion to user

32
Q

types of inference engines

A

forward chaing
backward chaining

33
Q

forward chaining

A

starts with facts and uses data to reach new facts/conclusions
data-driven strategy
no specific goal before execution
user may be asked for values is a rule’s condition cannor be evaluated

34
Q

backwards chainging

A

interactively infers facts in conjuntion with user inputs
goal driven strategy
user asked questions to gather informaiton required to achieve specific goal

35
Q

certanity factor

A

used to indicate probability of fact/conclusion being true (probability weighing)
expert may introduce it into original databse of facts
indicates probability of conclusion being correct

36
Q

macros

A

short user defined command that executes a series of predefined commands
used to automate processing

37
Q

data mining

A

process of discovering non-obvious patterns within large volumes of data (particularly data warehouses)
once conclusions have been made future behaviour of systems can be predicted

38
Q

what-if model

A

considers effects of different inputs

39
Q

olap

A

online analytical processing
provides businesses with statistical evidence to support decision making
large data stores are analysed and fast response times are expected
users interact with software using olap interface

40
Q

data visualisation

A

involves data being displayed in a graphical and interactive formal (charts, graphs etc.)
make it easier for user to see relationships between data and hence make decisions

41
Q

drill downs

A

refers to ability to focus on one particular piece of information and to view more and more infroamtion as required by user
progress from summary infromation to detailed information

42
Q

collecting

A

human expert
knowledge engineer

43
Q

human expert

A

through years of experience they have insight into many problems

44
Q

knowledge engineer

A

observes human expert and gathers data form sources such as databases
structures data into appropriate forma and encode knowledge of human expert in series of rules stored in knowledge database

45
Q

storage prcoess

A

prepares data in fromat that is suitable for storage device
data may need to be stored in data warehouse or internet

46
Q

retrieving

A

process of loading data back onto ram
immediately available for processing and display

47
Q

intelligent agent

A

software application that can be used to automatically perform the processes of stroage and retireval
able to adapt behaviour to new user preferences

48
Q

benefits of with dss

A

preserving expert knowledge
improving performance and consistency
rapid decisions
abilityto analyse unstructured situations

49
Q
A

ipt (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions