hematology Flashcards
what is the lab value for neutropenia?
an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1,500/mm3.
a platelet count less than what increases the risk for spontaneous bleeding?
<20,000/mm3 increases
What is Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin value measuring?
What are normal values?
Normal value is 25-35
it measures the color of RBC, a decrease in this value indicates IDA or thalessemia
it is normal in macrocytic anemias
What TIBC lab value would you expect to see in:
IDA
Thalessemia
B12
Folate deficiency anemia
The TIBC will be elevated in IDA
The TIBC will be normal in Thalessemia, b12, and folate anemia
How would you differentiate :
- Iron deficency anemia
- Thalassemia minor
both will have a MCV less than 80, and low hemoglobin (microcytic anemia)
IDA: will have a high TIBD, low ferritin
Thalassemia: normal TIBD, normal ferritin
What are common causes of b12 anemia?
- Pernicious anemia
- Elderly poor diet
- Vegan
- Gastrectomy
What are the symptoms of b12 anemia
This is a macrocytic normochromic anemia
symptoms are mostly neuropathic:
- difficulty walking
- paresthesia
- decreased sensation
What lab values would you expect to see in B12 deficiency anemia?
MCV greater than 100
low hemoglobin
B12 less than 100pg/L
What is pernicious anemia? what vitamin deficiency is this related to ?
Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disorder that destroys the parietal cells, resulting in a decrease in intrinsic factor which absorbs b12
Therefore this is macrocytic normochromic anemia due to B12 deficiency
How can you test for pernicious anemia?
You would order:
- Antiparietal Antibody serology
- 24 hours urine methylmalonic acid
Who is at the highest risk for folate anemia?
alcoholics and elderly
What drugs interfeare with folate absorption?
phenytoinin
Septra
Methotrexate
What are the symptoms of folate deficiency anemia?
NO NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS!! NO PARESTHESIA!!
low appetite
tender smooth tongue
diarrhea
irritable
List normal folate and normal b12 values
b12 = greater than 250
Folate = 3.1-17.5
What foods are high in b12?
Meat
Poultry
Eggs
Milk
THINK MEAT =B12