hematology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the lab value for neutropenia?

A

an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1,500/mm3.

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2
Q

a platelet count less than what increases the risk for spontaneous bleeding?

A

<20,000/mm3 increases

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3
Q

What is Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin value measuring?

What are normal values?

A

Normal value is 25-35

it measures the color of RBC, a decrease in this value indicates IDA or thalessemia

it is normal in macrocytic anemias

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4
Q

What TIBC lab value would you expect to see in:

IDA
Thalessemia
B12
Folate deficiency anemia

A

The TIBC will be elevated in IDA

The TIBC will be normal in Thalessemia, b12, and folate anemia

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5
Q

How would you differentiate :

  1. Iron deficency anemia
  2. Thalassemia minor
A

both will have a MCV less than 80, and low hemoglobin (microcytic anemia)

IDA: will have a high TIBD, low ferritin
Thalassemia: normal TIBD, normal ferritin

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6
Q

What are common causes of b12 anemia?

A
  1. Pernicious anemia
  2. Elderly poor diet
  3. Vegan
  4. Gastrectomy
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6
Q

What are the symptoms of b12 anemia

A

This is a macrocytic normochromic anemia

symptoms are mostly neuropathic:
- difficulty walking
- paresthesia
- decreased sensation

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7
Q

What lab values would you expect to see in B12 deficiency anemia?

A

MCV greater than 100
low hemoglobin
B12 less than 100pg/L

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8
Q

What is pernicious anemia? what vitamin deficiency is this related to ?

A

Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune disorder that destroys the parietal cells, resulting in a decrease in intrinsic factor which absorbs b12

Therefore this is macrocytic normochromic anemia due to B12 deficiency

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9
Q

How can you test for pernicious anemia?

A

You would order:

  1. Antiparietal Antibody serology
  2. 24 hours urine methylmalonic acid
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10
Q

Who is at the highest risk for folate anemia?

A

alcoholics and elderly

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11
Q

What drugs interfeare with folate absorption?

A

phenytoinin
Septra
Methotrexate

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of folate deficiency anemia?

A

NO NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS!! NO PARESTHESIA!!

low appetite
tender smooth tongue
diarrhea
irritable

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13
Q

List normal folate and normal b12 values

A

b12 = greater than 250
Folate = 3.1-17.5

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14
Q

What foods are high in b12?

A

Meat
Poultry
Eggs
Milk

THINK MEAT =B12

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15
Q

What foods are high in folate?

A

Leafy greens
Beans
Grains

16
Q

What lab values would you see in a patient with Hepatitis B who has been exposed to the virus and was able to clear it naturally?

A

HBsAG (surface antigen) = neg
anti-HBs (surface antibody) = pos
anti-HBc (core antibody)= positive

17
Q

What lab value would you expect to see in a patient who is immunized against hepatitis B?

A

HBsAG (surface antigen) = neg
anti-HBs (surface antibody) = pos
anti-HBc (core antibody)= negative

18
Q

What lab value would you expect to see in a patient who has active hepatitis B?

A

HBsAG (surface antigen) = positive
anti-HBs (surface antibody) = negative
anti-HBc (core antibody)= positive

19
Q

When testing for Hepatitis A, what lab values would you expect to see in an active infection?

A

IgG anti-HAV= positive
IgM anti-HAV = positive

IgM will always be positive in acute infection, m is close to n in the alphabet, n = now

20
Q

When testing for Hepatitis A, what lab values would you expect to see in a patient who was previously infected or is immunized?

A

IgG anti-HAV = positive
IgM anti-HAV= negative