Blueprint FL 2: B/B

Question 1

number of chromosomes ina human diploid cell

Answer 1

46

Question 2

number of chromosomes in a human haploid cell

Answer 2

23

Question 3

acrocentric chromosome

Answer 3

A chromosome where the centromere is not central and is instead located near the end of the chromosome

Question 4

Robertsonian Translocation

Answer 4

when the two long arms of two acocentric chromosomes fuse together, and their short arms are lost

the individual then has 1 less chromosome than usual

Question 5

monosomy

Answer 5

the condition in which only one chromosome from a pair is present in cells rather than the two copies usually found in diploid cells

Question 6

Eicosanoids

Answer 6

a large family of signalling molecules derived from arachidonic acid

includes prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes

Question 7

arachidonic acid

Answer 7

an essential fatty acid and a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes

Question 8

hydronium ion

Answer 8

H3O+

Question 9

hydroxide ion

Answer 9

OH-

Question 10

vector

Answer 10

a living organism that transmits an infectious agent from an infected animal to a human or another animal

ex. mosquito transmit diseases from other animals into humans

Question 11

germ cells

Answer 11

sex cells (egg and sperm cells)

as opposed to somatic (body) cells

Question 12

what is the order of oocyte (egg cell) production

Answer 12

Question 13

what stage are eggs at when a female baby is born?

Answer 13

they are a primary oocyte

are arrested in prophase I until puberty, then meiosis 1 finishes and they beocme secondary oocytes

Question 14

what does ONE primary oocyte develop into upon INITIAL DIVISION?

Answer 14

1 daughter secondary oocyte (receives bulk of the cytoplasm)
1 polar body (tiny haploid cell that is too small and dies)

Question 15

how many polar bodies can develop from 1 primary oocytes?

Answer 15

three

Question 16

when does the secondary oocyte complete meiosis II?

Answer 16

only once the sperm has entered… then it quickly splits its DNA and leaves a small polar body behind

Question 17

what is the ovum

Answer 17

the egg that has completed meiosis II and has sperm nucleus inside but the 2 nuclei have not fused yet (fertilization has not happened yet)

Question 18

what stage of an egg is released upon menstruation (if the egg is not fertilized)?

Answer 18

a secondary oocyte (it never becomes an ovum)

Question 19

spermatocyte

Answer 19

a cell that gives rise to sperm cells

Question 20

what is the order of sperm cell production

Answer 20

Question 21

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer 21

a lab technique for rapidly producing (amplifying) millions to billions of copies of a specific segment of DNA

Question 22

parsimony

evolution

Answer 22

tells us to choose the simplest scientific explanation that fits the evidence

the best hypothesis is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary changes

Question 23

RT-PCT stand for…

Answer 23

reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

Question 24

PCR vs RT-PCR

Answer 24

PCR: used to amplify DNA from a small amount of DNA template

RT-PCR: produces a DNA template from an RNA source that can then be amplified

Question 25

in a phylogenic tree… which species will branch of FIRST

Answer 25

the most unique species…

if all the species but 1 have a given trait/gene, the species without the gene will branch first

Question 26

matrilineal inheritence

Answer 26

genes that are inherited from the mother