Deck 8

Question 1

Lysosome is released from:

Answer 1

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

Lysosome is an:

Answer 2

enzyme

Question 3

Several of the complement proteins are:

Answer 3

proenzymes

Question 4

The single best defining description of the classical pathway of complement activation:

Answer 4

It utilizes complement component C1r

Question 5

Early components of the complement pathway are:

Answer 5

C1, C4, C2 and C3

Question 6

Complement components composed of the membrane attack complex:

Answer 6

C5b, C6, C7, C8 and C9

Question 7

Function of C3b:

Answer 7

mediates opsonisation

Question 8

C9 has:

Answer 8

perforin-like activity

Question 9

Primary lymphoid organs provide:

Answer 9

the microenvironment for maturation of T and B cells

Question 10

Pattern recognition receptors include:

Answer 10

Toll-like receptors

Question 11

The basic immunoglobulin unit is composed of:

Answer 11

two identical heavy and two identical light chains

Question 12

An isolated antigen determinant that has the ability to react specifically with antigens but cannot induce their formation is called a:

Answer 12

hapten

Question 13

A fragment binding Fab fragment binds:

Answer 13

antigen

Question 14

Describe the difference between anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid:

Answer 14

Anaphylaxis is an immediate systemic reaction caused by rapid IgE-mediated immune release of potent mediators from tissue mast cells and peripheral blood basophils.
Anaphylactoid reactions are immediate systemic reactions that mimix anaphylaxis but are not caused by IgE-mediated immune responses.

Question 15

Who has IgY in their serum?

Answer 15

birds

Question 16

What granulocyte induce inflammation?

Answer 16

basophils

Question 17

Protein A release what immunoglobulin first?

Answer 17

IgA

Question 18

Describe tuberculin test:

Answer 18

Tuberculin reaction = type IV hypersensitivity
Agent can be M. bovis, M. tuberculosis or M. avium
PPD is used to skin test animals - non-specific.
Causes delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Red, hard swelling at injection site within 12-24 hours, and may persist for several weeks.
Lesion is infiltrated with mononuclear cells, and is mediated by T cells.
Positive skin test for bovine tuberculosis: one has memory Th1 cells specific for M. bovis

Question 19

Explain the difference between immunogenicity and antigenicity:

Answer 19

Immunogenicity is the ability of a foreign substance, such as an antigen, to provoke an immune response in the body of a human or other animal.
Antigenicity is the capacity of a chemical structure to bind specifically with a group of certain products that have adaptive immunity, like TCR or BCR.

Question 20

What is a toxoid vaccine?

Answer 20

A vaccine produced to control diseases caused by bacterial toxins
They consist of inactivated native toxins (toxoids) combined with adjuvants
- diphteria and tetanus are the 2 most common
they convert the toxin into a toxoid