Med Conditions

Question 1

Apex

Answer 1

The lowest part of the heart formed by the inferolateral part of the left ventricle.
It projects anteriorly and to the left at the level of the 5th intercostal space and the left midclavicular line

Question 2

Endocardium

Answer 2

The endothelial tissue that lines the interior of the heart chambers and valves

Question 3

Epicardium

Answer 3

The serous layer of the pericardium. The epicardium contains the epicardial coronary arteries and veins, autonomic nerves and lymphatics

Question 4

Myocardium

Answer 4

Thick contractile middle layer of muscle cells that forms the bulk of the heart wall

Question 5

Pericardium

Answer 5

A double-walled connective tissue sac that surrounds the outside of the heart and great vessels

Question 6

Aorta

Answer 6

The largest artery and the central conduit of blood from the heart to the body. The aorta begins at the upper part of the left ventricle and after ascending for a short distance arches backward and to the left. It then descends within the thorax and passes into the abdominal cavity

Question 7

Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 7

The vein that returns venous blood from the lower body and viscera to the right atrium

Question 8

Pulmonary Arteries

Answer 8

that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the left and right lungs

Question 9

Pulmonary Veins

Answer 9

The veins that carry oxygenated blood from the right and left lungs to the left atrium

Question 10

Superior Vena cava

Answer 10

The veins that return venous blood from the head, neck and arms to the right atrium

Question 11

Chronotropic effect

Answer 11

Faster/slower heart beat

Question 12

Ionotropic effect

Answer 12

Greater/lesser force of contraction

Question 13

Anatomical Dead Space Volume

Answer 13

The volume of air that occupies the non-respiratory conducting airways

Question 14

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 14

the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal tidal exhalation
ERV is about 15% of total lung volume

Question 15

Forced Expiratory Volume

Answer 15

The maximal volume of air exhaled in a specific period of time

Question 16

Forced Vital Capacity

Answer 16

the volume of air expired during a forced maximal expiration after a forced maximal inspiration

Question 17

Functional Residual Capacity

Answer 17

The volume of air in the lungs after normal exhalation
FRV= ERV+RV

Question 18

what percentage is Functional Residual Capacity

Answer 18

40% of total lung volume

Question 19

Inspiratory Capacity

Answer 19

the maximal amount of air that can be inspired after a normal tidal exhalation
IC=TV+IRV

Question 20

What percentage is inspiratory capacity

Answer 20

60% of total lung volume

Question 21

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 21

The maximal amount of air that can be inspired after normal tidal volume inspiration

Question 22

What is the percentage of inspiratory reserve volum

Answer 22

50% of total lung volume

Question 23

Minute Volume Ventilation

Answer 23

volume of air expired in one minute
VE= TV x respiratory rate

Question 24

Peak expiratory flow

Answer 24

the maximum flow of air during the beginning of a forced expiratory maneuver

Question 25

Residual Volume

Answer 25

volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration

Question 26

What percentage is residual volume

Answer 26

about 25%

Question 27

Tidal Volume

Answer 27

Total volume inspired and expired with each breath during quiet breathing

Question 28

What percentage of total lung volume is tidal volume

Answer 28

10%

Question 29

Total Lung Capacity

Answer 29

the volume of air in the lungs after a maximal inspiration
TLC=RV+VC

Question 30

Vital Capacity

Answer 30

The volume change that occurs between maximal inspiration and maximal expiration
VC=TV+IRV=ERV

Question 31

What percentage of total lung volume is vital capacity

Answer 31

75% of total lung capacity