Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pulmonology > Pulmonary Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Pulmonary Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Self limiting clinical condition caused by acute inflammation of trachea and bronchi usually secondary to infectious process

Very common

A

Acute Bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute bronchitis cough typically lasts how long?

A

10-20 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Indications for CXR in patients with an acute cough syndrome to exclude pneumonia are:

A

Abnormal vital signs: P>100/min, RR >24, T >38 degrees C

Pulmonary exam findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nonspecific inflammation of terminal bronchioles (small, 2mm
airways)

Viral inflammation of bronchioles in infants and young children causing airway obstruction

A

Acute Bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What virus is most commonly responsible for acute bronchiolitis?

A

RSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When to hospitalize in acute bronchiolitis?

A

<2 months old
Hypoxemic on room air (<95%)
Significant feeding difficulty due to tachypnea
Marked respiratory distress
dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

an inflammation/infection of the pulmonary parenchyma (the structure of the lung)

May involve only interstitial tissue or alveoli, alveoli and adjacent bronchi, or even entire lobe

A

Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the #1 most deadly infectious disease in the United States?

A

Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the most common agents in infants who develop pneumonia?

A

Viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the most common agents in children who develop pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two classifications of pneumonia?

A

Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two types of community acquired pneumonia?

A

Classic CAP
Atypical CAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common pathogen in classic CAP?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common pathogen in atypical CAP?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mnemonic to remember CAP pneumonia organisms – SHAM

A

S – Streptococcal pneumonia
H – Haemophilus influenzae
A – Atypicals
M – Moraxella catarrhalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which organism is common in patients with underlying obstructive lung disease (ex: COPD)?

A

H. influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which type of CAP is more commonly seen in young
healthy adults?

A

Atypical CAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What symptom is a common complaint with children who have pneumonia?

A

Abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which pathogen should you suspect with single rigor and rust colored sputum?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which pathogen should you suspect with currant jelly sputum and is seen more often in alcoholics?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What pathogen do you see more often in alcoholics?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bullous myringitis is associated with which CAP pathogen?

A

Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which medication is a good selection in smokers with community acquired pneumonia?

A

Clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Atypical CAP do not respond to which classes of medication?

A

PCNs and Cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the first line medication class for atypical CAP?

A

Macrolides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Treatment of Pneumonia - Children < 5 years old first line medication class?

A

Amoxicillin or Augmentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Treatment of Pneumonia - Children > 5 years old first line medication class?

A

Macrolides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Most common cause of death from nosocomial infection

A

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia

29
Q

Second most common type of nosocomial infection

A

Hospital Acquired Pneumonia

30
Q

What are the most common agents in hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Staph aureus (MRSA)

Pseudomonas

31
Q

Which pathogen in hospital acquired pneumonia has the worst prognosis?

A

Pseudomonas

32
Q

What is the most common pathogen in HIV-related pneumonia?

A

Pneumocystic jiroveci

33
Q

What is the treatment for aspiration pneumonia?

A

Clarithromycin

34
Q

Method to assess severity of pneumonia and need for hospitalization

A

Pneumonia Severity Index 🡪 PORT Score

35
Q

Empyema with thick purulent fluid is hallmark of which pathogen?

A

Staph pneumonia

36
Q

Number one cause of adolescent pneumonia is what pathogen?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

37
Q

Slow growing, obligate intracellular pathogen

Acid-fast bacillus

A

Tuberculosis

38
Q

What pathogen is responsible for Tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

39
Q

How is TB transmitted?

A

Transmitted by airborne droplets

40
Q

What are some common risk factors for TB infection?

A

Impaired immunity (host factors)
Increased exposure

41
Q

Occurs when an individual becomes infected but does not become acutely ill

These macrophages contain the mycobacterium but doesn’t necessarily eradicate it and this is known as

A

latent TB infection

42
Q

This is another manifestation of primary TB infection that is very aggressive

A

Miliary Tuberculosis

43
Q

Now used to denote all forms of progressive, widely disseminated hematogenous TB (even if classical pathologic or radiologic findings are absent)

A

Miliary Tuberculosis

44
Q

What is the most common extrapulmonary TB manifestation?

A

TB Lymphadenitis

45
Q

Spinal TB is also called what?

A

Pott’s disease

46
Q

Which is a good TB screening test good for diagnosis on
individual as long as their immune system is intact?

A

Mantoux (purified protein derivative- PPD)

47
Q

What does the Mantoux (purified protein derivative- PPD) test evaluate for?

A

Evaluates both latent and active TB, but can’t distinguish between them

48
Q

PPD Test injects how much intradermally?

A

5 tuberculin units or 0.1mL intradermally in forearm raising a wheal
6-10mm in diameter

49
Q

When do you read a PPD test? What are you looking for?

A

Read within 48-72 hours, looking for induration diameter (measure)

50
Q

Does a negative reaction rule out TB? If not, why?

A

a negative reaction does NOT rule out TB

Some patients immunocompromised and won’t mount a response

51
Q

the inability to react to skin test because of immunosuppression

A

Anergy

52
Q

Skin testing is no longer recommended for whom?

A

those who develop anergy - false negatives
BCG vaccine - false positives

53
Q

Two step testing is used for initial TB testing of individuals who will be
tested annually such as?

A

healthcare workers

54
Q

What vaccine has variable effect on TB skin test?

A

BCG vaccine

55
Q

≥5mm is a positive PPD test in which individuals?

A

HIV positive

Contacts of individuals with active TB

Persons with CXR consistent with old healed TB

Organ transplants

Immunocompromised patients

High dose long term steroids

56
Q

> 10mm is a positive PPD test in which individuals?

A

Military

Recent immigrants (<5years) from high risk countries (Asia, Africa, Latin
America)

IV drug users

Mycobacteriology lab personnel

Residents/employees of high risk congregate settings (nursing homes,
prison, homeless shelters)

High risk medical patients (DM, silicosis, renal failure, leukemia, lymphoma, etc)

Infants/children (<4 years old)

Infants, children, adolescents exposed to adults at high risk

57
Q

> 15mm is a positive PPD test in which individuals?

A

Everyone else – patients with no TB risk factors

58
Q

Acid-fast bacilli on stain of sputum should make you think of what disease?

A

tuberculosis

59
Q

If a patient is positive for TB, what other disease do you need to work up the patient for?

A

HIV

60
Q

If you are infected with TB and it is active – something will show
up on what?

A

Chest Xray

61
Q

CXR Findings in TB:

The primary area of TB infection associated with a lymph node

As it calcifies, it becomes visible on a CXR

A

Ghon Complex

62
Q

CXR Findings in TB:

What the Ghon complex turns into after it and the associated lymph
node has further calcified – this indicates healing

A

Ranke complex

63
Q

What is the major cause of treatment failure and drug resistance in TB?

A

Non-compliance

64
Q

ALL possible or proved cases of TB should be reported to what agency(s)?

A

local and state public health departments

65
Q

Name the five drugs used to treat TB

A

Isoniazid
Rifampin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Streptomycin

66
Q

Consider which disease in all HIV-infected patients with undiagnosed pulmonary disease?

A

TB

67
Q

Properly treated TB patients are usually cured with less than what percentage rate of recurrence?

A

5%

68
Q

Mycobacterium Avium Complex consists of what?

A

M. avium
M. intracellulare

69
Q

Mycobacterium Avium Complex’s common patient populations include

A

AIDs patients
Patients with chronic underlying lung disease (ex. COPD)

Pulmonology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions