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LET (Professional Education) > Action Research > Flashcards

Action Research Flashcards

1
Q

He coined the term “action research” in 1944

A

Kurt Lewin

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2
Q

Qualities of a good action researcher

A

The desire to develop teaching skills and knowledge and take action to improve student learning

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3
Q

Action research is a ____________ inquiry with the aim of improving issues concerns affecting the classroom

A

systematic

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4
Q

It provides teachers with new knowledge and understanding about how to improve educational practices or resolve significant problems in classrooms and schools

A

Action Research

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5
Q

Action research is one form of __________________ because it draws on a range of designs and methodologies

A

applied research

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6
Q

Impacts of action research on teachers

A

Building confidence in instructional decisions, contributing to the professional culture of teaching, and helping build a reflective practice based on proven techniques

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7
Q

Action research develops quality teachers to attain _________________ and __________________

A

quality learning, quality assurance

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8
Q

______________________ and ____________________________ has been directly linked to conducting action research

A

Professional growth, development of teachers

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9
Q

Action research can develop teachers into becoming _________________________ for school-wide system

A

transformative leaders

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10
Q

Action research aims to improve teaching _______________________________

A

towards learning outcome

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11
Q

The goal of action research is ______________________

A

positive change

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12
Q

Action research should involve a plan of action that will allow the teacher- researcher to ________ a change and to _________ that change

A

make, study

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13
Q

Action research places its emphasis on ________________ - here and now in a local setting

A

real problems

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14
Q

Through action research, teachers employ _______________________ on a daily basis in their classrooms

A

critical self-reflection

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15
Q

Action research entails an ongoing process of reflection and revision. We say that action research is ____________ since plans are created, implemented, revised, then implemented

A

iterative

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16
Q

Action research entails an ongoing process of ______________ and ____________. We say that action research is iterative since plans are created, implemented, revised, then implemented

A

reflection, revision

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17
Q

Teacher Action Research is ______________ rather than summative since it is an ongoing process of evaluation, recommendation, practice, reflection, and re-evaluation

A

formative

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18
Q

Teacher Action Research can be a tool for _________ and ____________________________ because it engages the community the evaluative effort and, as a result, give the community ownership of and responsibility for change

A

equity, multicultural education

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19
Q

Action research aims to improve education through change by encouraging teachers to be aware of their own practice. It is therefore ______________

A

reflective

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20
Q

Being _______________ is one of the pedagogic perspectives of action research as it entails learning by doing

A

pragmatic

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21
Q

In action research, all participants can contribute to and benefit from the process. It is therefore ________________

A

empowering

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22
Q

In action research, meaning is constructed using participants’ multiple realities in the situation, making it an _________________ research approach

A

interpretative

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23
Q

Action research is carried out by individuals with a common purpose; therefore, it is both ______________ and _________________

A

participative, collaborative

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24
Q

Action research views the problem from the point of view of _________________________________

A

those involved or the participants

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25
Q

Some of the purposes of action research is that it answers questions regarding the __________________________________________________, _____________________________, and ______________________________________

A

effectiveness of specific instructional strategies, performance of students, classroom management techniques

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26
Q

Action research offers _____________________ rather than theoretical which is the aim of formal research

A

practical significance

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27
Q

According to Glanz (1998), the four-step process for action research to examine educational problems in schools setting are

A
  1. Select a focus
  2. Collect data
  3. Analyze and interpret data
  4. Take action
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28
Q

Basic action research cycle includes the following steps

A
  1. Propose a change
  2. Engage in action
  3. Observe results
  4. Reflect on action
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29
Q

The ____________________________ provides the information of what the research is all about, the purpose of the study and the situation challenging to the reader to read

A

research introduction

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30
Q

Data for action research can come from multiple sources, including student grades, homework completion, interviews, written texts, etc. The use of multiple data sources is termed ________________

A

triangulation

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31
Q

In gathering data for an Action Research, at least __________ sources must be used. This implies triangulation

A

three

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32
Q

To achieve ________________, there should be the involvement of different people to interpret a given data

A

corroboration

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33
Q

_______________ and ________________ increase the credibility of the information in action research

A

Triangulation, corroboration

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34
Q

It is an in-depth description of a process, experience, or structure at single institution

A

Case Study

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35
Q

Action research is a __________ process which follows these steps: identifying the problem; developing a plan of action; collecting data; analyzing data and forming conclusions; modifying your theory and repeating the cycle; and lastly, reporting the results.

A

cyclical

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36
Q

Action research is a cyclical process which follows these steps:

A

Identifying the problem; Developing a plan of action; Collecting data; Analyzing data and forming conclusions; Modifying your theory and repeating the cycle; and lastly, Reporting the results

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37
Q

Teacher research are focused on _________________ in the classroom to support the needs of the learners. Impacts of the results of these research may extend beyond the classroom

A

bringing change

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38
Q

Academic research can be generalized to larger populations, while action research is more interested in ________________________________________________________________________________

A

gaining knowledge directly applied to the educators’ own teaching context

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39
Q

Good action research topics in education are __________________, ___________, and _________________________________________________________________

A

meaningful, concise, higher-order questions that have not already been answered

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40
Q

Action research can be connotated as the following:

A

Teacher’s research; Practitioner’s research; Teacher-as-scholar research; Practical inquiry; Interactive research; Classroom inquiry; and Practice-centered inquiry

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41
Q

Classroom action research begins with a _________________________ about classroom experiences, issues or challenges

A

question or questions

42
Q

Various types of action research include the following:

A
  1. Individual Action Research
  2. Collaborative Action Research
  3. School-wide Action Research
  4. District-wide Action Research
43
Q

This research usually focuses on a single issue in the classroom

A

Individual Action Research

44
Q

_______________________ and ________________ may be potentially impacted by an individual action research

A

Curriculum instruction, assessment

45
Q

A person that may be tapped for support in an individual action research

A

A coach or mentor

46
Q

It involves as few as two teachers or a group of several teachers and other interested individuals in solving a classroom or department issue

A

Collaborative Action Research

47
Q

The areas where a collaborative action research can have an impact on

A

Curriculum instruction, assessment, and policy

48
Q

Improved collegiality and formation of partnerships are effects of a ___________________________________

A

collaborative action research

49
Q

It is believed to have a potential impact on school restructuring, policy changes, parental involvement, and evaluation of programs

A

School-wide Action Research

50
Q

In a school-wide action research, ______________________ is identified as one of the critical supports needed

A

school commitment

51
Q

This action research may potentially impact the allocation of resources, professional development activities, organizational structures, and policies

A

District-wide Action Research

52
Q

. For organization, community-based, performance-based, or processes for decision-making, a ______________________________ is mostly utilized

A

district-wide action research

53
Q

________________ and ___________________________ are the focus of a district-wide action research

A

District issues, organizational structures

54
Q

Action research in schools investigates human actions and social situations that are experienced by teachers as ________________________

A

susceptible to change

55
Q

Varieties of Action Research

A
  1. Diagnostic
  2. Participatory
  3. Empirical
  4. Experimental
56
Q

The ____________ variety of an Action Research is designed to lead to action

A

Diagnostic

57
Q

This action research can provide under favorable circumstances a definitive test of a specific hypothesis

A

Experimental Action Research

58
Q

An action research that entails record-keeping and accumulating experiences in a day to day work

A

Empirical Action Research

59
Q

Action research uses an _____________ reasoning approach

A

inductive

60
Q

For an action research problem to be worthwhile, it should have an immediate benefit for the ___________, ____________, the ________________, _________, the _______________, the _______________, and the _________as a whole

A

learners, teachers, management, school, stakeholders, communities, society

61
Q

A sampling technique utilized in action research, whereby students and/or members of the school are usually selected as samples

A

Purposive Sampling

62
Q

Some areas of interest for Action Research include:

A
  1. Inclusive education
  2. Learning assessment
  3. Continuing Professional Development
  4. Services and support system
  5. Quality assurance mechanisms
  6. Class discipline and student behavior
63
Q

In action research, events are interpreted as ________________ and ________________ rather than natural processes subject to the laws of natural science

A

human actions, transactions

64
Q

In the context of action research, four basic themes are drawn which include:

A
  1. Empowerment of participants
  2. Collaboration through participation
  3. Acquisition of knowledge
  4. Social change
65
Q

Ethics of _____, ethics of __________, ethics of ____________, and ethics of ________________ are the four types of ethical practices in Action Research

A

hope, caring, openness, responsibility

66
Q

Analysis of data in an Action Research can be done by generally grouping raw data using ______________________

A

descriptive statistics

67
Q

To avoid complexity in gathering data in action research, the teacher- researcher should utilize _________________ generated, kept, and controlled by the teacher-researcher

A

available data

68
Q

How can accounts or information of action research be validated?

A

Through dialogue with participants

69
Q

Is action research conducted primary to generate theories for knowledge and science development?

A

Action research is NOT conducted primary to generate theories for knowledge and science development, rather, it is used by teachers, supervisors, and administrators to improve the quality of their decisions and actions

70
Q

To avoid difficulty in identifying a topic or problem, a teacher can conduct ____________________________ or conversation with colleagues about common problems encountered inside the classroom

A

small group discussion

71
Q

Teachers can gain confidence to pursue research work by being prepared through ____________, ______________, and ______________

A

reading, learning, training

72
Q

__________________________ is key to school improvement

A

Teacher improvement

73
Q

An action research that is more concerned with the teaching process than with the topics taught

A

Classroom Action Research

74
Q

Conclusions of an Action Research cover only ___________________, where the study was conducted

A

specific contexts

75
Q

In a formal research, generalizability of results is possible. However, for an Action Research, generalizability is _______________

A

very limited

76
Q

If minors are needed to participate in an action research, ____________________ could pose a challenge in data gathering

A

parental consent

77
Q

Plans and procedures for research that include detailed methods of data collection and analysis

A

Research Design

78
Q

Criteria for selecting a research design include:

A
  1. Research problem
  2. Personal experience of the researcher
  3. Audience
79
Q

A teacher who aims to rediscover a theory to support and validate research findings. Can this teacher be considered an action researcher?

A

A teacher who aims to rediscover a theory to support and validate research findings CANNOT be considered as an action researcher

80
Q

It is most effective in addressing student engagement concern in class

A

Group performance assessment

81
Q

The most appropriate method to explore the behavior, learning patterns, reasoning mechanisms and creativity exhibited during activities of preschoolers

A

Naturalistic Observation

82
Q

_______________ and ____________ of results and findings will be a challenge in action research since validation and sampling measures are not much stressed, but more on finding solutions to identified problems and for the improvement of teaching and learning

A

Consistency, reliability

83
Q

A sense of ________________ is implored when action research is intended to influence thinking skills, sense of efficacy, willingness to share and communicate attitudes toward process of change

A

collaboration

84
Q

An __________________________ communicates what was done and the result, shows presentation and analysis of data, the statement of findings, implications and conclusions

A

action research report

85
Q

One of the strategies to further and strengthen research dynamics in an institution towards building a research-driven culture

A

Collective sharing of research findings with other schools and districts

86
Q

In _____________________, the teacher-researcher simply writes down what was observed

A

direct observation

87
Q

With __________________________, the teacher-researcher writes down an observation that is inferred by the subject’s body language and behavior

A

inferential observation

88
Q

___________ and ________________are not good sources of quantitative data, however, they are best used to identify trends and themes

A

Surveys, questionnaires

89
Q

Some of the identified constraints associated in the conduct of action research include:

A

Time constraint, lack of research competence, lack of research interest, lack of confidence, lack of statistical skills, and lack of administrative support

90
Q

Unlike a formal research, ___________________________________________ are commonly used in action research

A

teacher-made or developed instruments

91
Q

In action research, teacher-researchers need to record data and reflect on it. To do this, they can keep a __________ and discuss it with a critical friend

A

journal

92
Q

When the demands or needs of the people in the future are projected in order to identify the needed resources, a _________________ can be utilized

A

trend analysis

93
Q

A means of gathering or validating data among subjects of the study through interaction and conversation

A

Focus Group Discussion

94
Q

A causal comparative research is also known as __________________________

A

ex-post facto research

95
Q

A type of research focuses on the effect and implications of the system or program on certain parameters of the beneficiaries that serve as an outcome

A

Impact Study

96
Q

To find or develop more suitable system or process, a ________________________ can be performed

A

development research

97
Q

An inquiry which combines or associates both quantitative and qualitative forms is termed as ____________________________

A

mixed methods research

98
Q

In a _____________________________, the researcher merges quantitative and qualitative data to comprehensively analyze the research problem

A

concurrent mixed method

99
Q

To identify the systematic manipulation of one variable or another variable, an ________________________ is used

A

experimental research

100
Q

A ___________________ involves the analysis and interpretation of recorded materials in their own context

A

content analysis

101
Q

It is used to deal with subjects who are part of a particular culture and possess specific behavioral patterns

A

Ethnography

LET (Professional Education) (12 decks)

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