11 - biodiversity Flashcards
why is biodiversity important?
it’s not.
it’s important as it’s essential in maintaining a balanced ecosystem for all organism.
what are the three different way we can study biodiversity
habitat biodiversity
species biodiversity
genetic biodiversity
what is habitat biodiversity
it’s the number of different habitats found with in area. Each habitat can support a number of different species
species biodiversity
it has two components to it:
species richness - the number of different species living in a particular area
species evenness - a comparison of the number of individuals of each species living in a community.
genetic biodiversity
basically how spread apart a species can be and how much it can adapt to its environment. the greater the genetic biodiversity the higher the chance of which a species could adapt to a situation
what is sampling?
sampling is taking measurements of a limited number of individual organisms present in a particular area.
what is random sampling
selecting individuals by chance. kinda like picking out names from a hat. but if ur going a study:
- mark out on grass a grid using two tape measures laid at right angles
- use a random number generator to find the X and Y axis
- take a sample from said coordinates
non-random sampling!!!
opportunistic - it’s not representative of the population.
stratified - population can be divided into a number of strata (sub-units), take random sample is taken to then reach a strata proportional to its size
systematic - identify habitats and sample each separately. or just use a like a line transect and then take samples in intervals
how to sample animals
sweep nets
pitfall traps
tree beating
kick sampling
personally i think animal abuse shouldn’t be a thing but ykykyk
simpson index of diversity
used to measure species richness and evenness
1- sum of ( no. of organisms in one species / no. of total of organism)^2
the closer the number is to 1 it means there is infinite diversity
factors that effect genetic bio diversity
mutations in the dna of an organism
interbreeding between different populations
selective breeding
captive breeding programmes in zoos and conservation centres
natural selection
artificial cloning
generic bottlenecks
geographically isolated
genetic drift
how to conserve?
we can do conservation in mainly two different ways:
in situ conservation - within the natural habitat
ex situ conservation - out of the natural habitat