Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSBIM Harrison 21st Edition > Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease > Flashcards

Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Chest Xray: small rounded opacities

A

Silicosis, Coal worker pneumoconiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chest xray: small, linear opacities

A

Asbestosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Usual pattern of the disease

A

Restrictive Pattern
Decreased diffusing capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Measurement of ______ can be used to detect an acute bronchoconstrictive response

A

change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) before and after a working shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

For patients with history of asbestos exposure, CT scan is more sensitive in detecting ___

A

pleural thickening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What imaging improves detection of Asbestosis

A

High-resolution CT (HRCT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

____ are absorbed in the lining fluid of the upper and proximal airways and thus tend to produce irritative and bronchoconstrictive responses.

A

Water-soluble gases such as ammonia and sulfur dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

______ may penetrate to the bronchioles and alveoli in sufficient quantities to produce acute chemical pneumonitis

A

Less soluble gases such as nitrogen oxide and phosgene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dust size and location

A

>10–15 μm in diameter do not penetrate beyond the nose and throat

<10 μm in size are deposited below the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A diffuse interstitial fibrosing disease of the lung that is directly related to the intensity and duration of exposure

A

Abestosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abestosis resembles ___

A

Diffuse Interstitial Fibrosis

Clue: Ab copy D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Major effects from exposure to Asbestos

A
  1. Pleural and Pulmonary fibrosis
  2. Cancers of the respiratory tract
  3. Pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Exposure to asbestos has taken at least ______ before the disease becomes manifest

A

10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pleural plaques in chest xray, signifies ___

A

Past exposure to asbestos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chest radiographic hallmark of Asbestosis

A

Irregular or Linear opacities, in the lower lung field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HRCT finding in Asbestosis

A

Subpleural curvilinear lines 5-10 mm in length, that appears to be parallel to the pleural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Spirometry in Asbestosis

A

Restrictive pattern
Mild flow obstruction : due to peribronchiolar fibrosis

(associated with decreased lung volume and diffusing capacity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most common cancer associated with Asbestos exposure

A

Lung cancer (associated with smoking)
(15-19 years between exposure and development of disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Associated with asbestos exposure, but not with smoking

A

Mesothelioma

(short-term asbestos exposures of ≤1–2 years, occurring up to 40 years in the past)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Oldest known occupational hazard

A

Free silica
Crystalline quartz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Acute silicosis can develop with as little as ________

A

10 months exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Clinical and Pathologic features of Silicosis is similar to ______

A

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

Clue: SiPAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Chest Xray: Silicosis

A

Profuse miliary infiltration OR consolidation

24
Q

HRCT: Silicosis

A

Crazy-paving pattern

25
Q

____ may provide relief in silicosis, and slow its progression

A

Whole-lung lavage

26
Q

Egg Shell Pattern

A

Silicosis
(Calcification of Hilar Nodes: 20% of cases)

27
Q

SILICOSIS: With long-term, less intense exposure, small rounded opacities in for substances that contain no free silica, to the potentially large dust the upper lobes may appear on the chest radiograph after 15–20 years of exposure, usually without associated impairment of lung function

A

Simple Silicosis

28
Q

SILICOSIS: The nodular fibrosis may be progressive in the absence of further exposure, with coalescence and formation of nonsegmental conglomerates of irregular masses >1 cm in diameter

A

Complicated Silicosis

29
Q

SILICOSIS: masses can become quite large

A

Progressive Massive Fibrosis (PMF)

30
Q

Because silica causes alveolar macrophage dysfunction, patients with silicosis are at greater risk of acquiring lung infections that involves these cells as a primary defense (3)

A

FAT

  1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (latent TB should be treated longer)
  2. Atypical Mycobacteria
  3. Fungi
31
Q

Silica has immunoadjuvant properties and may increase risk for the following:

A

Rheumatoid arthritis
Scleroderma

32
Q

Exposure to coal dust

A

Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis

33
Q

With prolonged exposure to coal dust, small rounded opacities similar to those of silicosis may develop.

A

Simple CWP

34
Q

With prolonged exposure to coal dust, manifested by the appearance on the chest radiograph of nodules ≥1 cm in diameter generally confined to the upper half of the lungs.

A

Complicated CWP

35
Q

This is the combination of pneumoconiotic nodules and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.

A

Caplan Syndrome (seen in CWP)

36
Q

It is a lightweight metal with tensile strength, good electrical conductivity, and value in the control of nuclear reactions through its ability to quench neutrons.

A

Beryllium

37
Q

A chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease that is similar to sarcoidosis

A

Chronic Berrylium Disease

Bery similar to sarcoidosis

38
Q

This compares the in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes from blood or bronchoalveolar lavage in the presence of beryllium salts with that of unstimulated cells.

A

Beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT)

39
Q

Chest Xray is similar to sarcoidosis but hilar adenopathy is less common

A

Chronic Berrylium Disease

40
Q

Tests required to make a diagnosis of CBD

A

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial lung biopsy

41
Q

Exposure to Aluminum and titanium dioxide

A

Sarcoid-like reaction in lung tissue

Clue: ATS

42
Q

Exposure to Tungsten carbide (tool and dye, saw blade, and drill)

A

Giant cell interstitial pneumonitis

Clue: G-Tan

43
Q

Exposure to Cobalt (diamond polishing)

A

Interstitial pneumonitis

Clue: C.I.

44
Q

In inorganic dust exposure: Initial site of pathologic response

A

Small airway inflammation

45
Q

Exposure to cotton dust

A

Byssinosis

46
Q

Characterized by clinically as occasional (early-stage) and then regular (late-stage) chest tightness toward the end of the first day of the work week

A

Monday chest tightness in Byssinosis

46
Q

Spirometry: Byssinosis

A

Obstructive pattern

47
Q

Presents 4–8 h after exposure to moldy hay with fever, chills, malaise, cough, and dyspnea without wheezing.

A

Acute Farmer’s Lung

47
Q

Exposure to moldy hay

A

Farmer’s Lung

47
Q

Inhaling this agent causes a characteristic syndrome of fever, chills, malaise, and occasionally mild wheezing, leading to the diagnosis of Polymer fume fever

A

Fluoropolymers (Teflon)

Clue: PFT

48
Q

A similar self-limited, influenza-like syndrome—metal fume fever results from exposure to ____

A

Zinc oxide from welding of galvanized steel

Clue: Ang iwelding kay metal, metal consists of zinc

49
Q

Exposure to nylon flock

A

Lymphocytic bronchiolitis

Clue: Nympho

49
Q

Exposure to Diacetyl (used in butter, popcorn)

A

Bronchiolitis obliterans

Clue: BRead and BUTTER

49
Q

Decreased ability to work due to the effects of a medical condition.

A

Disability

50
Q

Physiologic Dysfunction

A

Impairment

51
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Outside Fine particulate matter is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has prompted toxicologic investigations into the underlying mechanisms.

A

TRUE

PSBIM Harrison 21st Edition (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions