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cell and molecular biology > Unit I > Flashcards

Unit I Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Fundamental unit of life

A

Cell

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2
Q

Diversity of Cells

A

Appearance and Functions

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3
Q

English Scientist who discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of cork.

A

Robert Hooke

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4
Q

He thought that cells only existed in plants and fungi.

A

Robert Hooke

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5
Q

He used a handmade microscope to observe pond scum

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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6
Q

He stated that cells are found both in animals and plants

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

Pond scum or single celled organism

A

Animalcules

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8
Q

The reason why only few cell theory advancements were made.

A

Spontaneous Generation

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9
Q

Who disproved Spontaneous Generation

A

Louis Pasteur

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10
Q

Who discovered the nucleus

A

Robert Brown

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11
Q

Random motion of particles

A

Brownian Motion

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12
Q

Who coined the term “protoplasm” to describe the contents of the cell.

A

Johannes Purkinje

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13
Q

Nerve cells are also called as

A

Purkinje cell

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14
Q

An English Botanist who concluded that “all plant parts are made of cells’

A

Matthias Schleiden

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15
Q

German Physiologist who stated that “all animal tissues are composed of cells”

A

Theodor Schwann

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16
Q

German scientist who stated that “ every cell originate from another existing cell”

A

Rudolph Virchow

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17
Q

Who demonstrated the first evidence of cell division

A

Rudolph Virchow

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18
Q

Who is the father of Microbiology

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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19
Q

The book where Robert Hooke describes his discoveries

A

Micrographia

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20
Q

What is the Latin phrase for “All cells come from pre-existing cells”

A

Omnis cellular e cellula

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21
Q

Who invented the electromicroscope

A

Vladimir Zworykin

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22
Q

What are the three cell theories

A
  1. All organisms are composed of cells
  2. Cells are the smallest living things
  3. Cells arise only from pre-existing cells.
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23
Q

Founders of the Cell Theory

A

Matthias Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Rudolph Virchow

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24
Q

What are the certain structures common in cells

A

Genetic Material
Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane

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25
Q

How many statements are added in the Modern Cell Theory

A

4

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26
Q

Can resolve structures that are 200nm apart

A

Light Microscope

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27
Q

Can resolve structures that are 0.2nm apart

A

Electron Microscope

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28
Q

Two basic types of cells

A

Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells

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29
Q

A Region of cytoplasm where prokaryotes genome/DNA is located

A

Nucleoid

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30
Q

Small extra piece of chromosome/genetic material

A

Plasmid

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31
Q

Gel like matrix of water enzymes, nutrients, wastes and gases. Location of growth, metabolism, and replication.

A

Cytoplasm

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32
Q

Bacteria’s way of storing nutrients

A

Granules

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33
Q

Separates the cell from its environment

A

Plasma Membrane

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34
Q

The discovery of this part is a major advancement in the study of prokaryotes

A

Cytoskeleton

35
Q

Short, fine appendages around the cell

A

Fimbriae

36
Q

Wind around bacteria causing movement in waves

A

Axial Filament (Endoflagella)

37
Q

Tubes that are longer than fimbriae but shorter than flagella

A

Pili

38
Q

Rod-shaped bacteria

A

Bacilli

39
Q

Spiral with rigid cell wall and flagella

A

Spirillum

40
Q

Spiral with flexible cell wall and axial filament

A

Spirochete

41
Q

Elongated coccal form

A

Coccobacilli

42
Q

Bacilli that occur in long threads

A

Filamentous

43
Q

Short, slightly curved rods

A

Vibrios

44
Q

Bacilli with tapered ends

A

Fusiform

45
Q

Characteristics of Prokaryotes

A
  • Does not have nucleus
  • etc
46
Q

Virus are not living because?

A
  • They are not made of cell
  • etc.
47
Q

What are the characteristics of Eukaryotic cells?

A
  • Have a nucleus
48
Q

Nickname and Function of Nucleus

A

“The Control Center”
Holds the DNA

49
Q

Cytoplasm is consist of?

A
  • Cytosol
  • Organelles
  • etc.
50
Q

Nickname and function of Mitochondria

A

“The Powerhouse”
Energy formation
Breaks down food to make ATP

51
Q

It is the major fuel for a cell activities that require energy.

A

Adenosine triphosphate

52
Q

Dense particles of rRNA and protein

A

Ribosomes

53
Q

What is the function of Ribosome

A

Makes protein

54
Q

Synthesize proteins that function within the cell

A

Free Ribosomes

55
Q

Synthesize proteins incorporated into cell membrane

A

Attached Ribosomes

56
Q

Network of rods that support the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

57
Q

Thick rods composed of tubulin

A

Microtubules

58
Q

Thin filaments composed of actin

A

Microfilaments

59
Q

Tough protein fibers

A

Intermediate filaments

60
Q

Finger like projections of the plasma membrane

A

Microvilli

61
Q

Short hair like projections. It propels substances over surface of cell

A

Cilia

62
Q

Long hair like projections

A

Flagella

63
Q

Nickname and function of Endoplasmic reticulum

A

“Roads”
The internal delivery system of the cell

64
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum with rough appearance because it has ribosomes

A

Rough ER

65
Q

It synthesize fats or lipids

A

Smooth ER

66
Q

Nickname and function of Goligi Apparatus

A

“The Shippers”
Packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell

67
Q

It is called as “Clean-up crews”
It’s function is to break down food into particles so the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells.

A

Lysosomes

68
Q

Membranous sacs of oxidase and catalase enzymes

A

Peroxisome

69
Q

Function of Peroxisome

A

Detoxify alcohol and neutralize dangerous free radicals

70
Q

Characteristics of Plant cells

A
  • Have a cell wall and cell membrane
  • etc.
71
Q

What is the function of Vacuoles

A

Stores water

72
Q

It traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell

A

Chloroplast

73
Q

What gives the green color of the chloroplast

A

Chlorophyll

74
Q

It provides support and protection to the cell membrane

A

Cell Wall

75
Q

Characteristics of Animal cell

A
  • Can not make their own food
  • etc
76
Q

Cells that connect body parts, form linings, or transport gases.

A

Fibroblast
Erythrocytes
Epithelial Cells

77
Q

Cells that connect body parts, form linings, or transport gases.

A

Fibroblast
Erythrocytes
Epithelial Cells

78
Q

Cells that move organs and body parts

A

Skeletal Muscle Cell
Smooth Muscle Cells

79
Q

Cells that stores nutrients

A

Fat Cell

80
Q

Cell that fights diseases

A

Macrophage

81
Q

Cells that gather information and controls body functions

A

Nerve Cell

82
Q

Cell of Reproduction

A

Sperm
Egg cell

83
Q

Differences of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic cells are smaller
etc.

cell and molecular biology (4 decks)

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