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ANT 1001 Lecture > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior border of the abdomen?

A

Inferior thoracic aperature with costal margin; diaphram above abdomen

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2
Q

What is the lateral borders of the abdomen?

A

Abdominal wall

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3
Q

What is the lateral inferior boarder of the abdomen?

A

Illiac crest

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4
Q

What is the anterior inferior boarder of the abdomen?

A

Inguinal ligament

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5
Q

What is the inferior boarder of the abdomen?

A

Pelvic inlet

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6
Q

Within abdominal cavity; potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum
Contains peritoneal fluid
Closed except for uterine tubes

A

Perotineal cavity

Intra= insdide, retro= behind

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7
Q

3 main functions of the abdominal cavity?

A
  1. House + protect viscera
  2. Breathing
  3. Change intrabdominal pressure
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8
Q

Explain inspiritation in abdomen?

A
  • Diaphram contracts; pulls down
  • Relaxation of abdominal msucles
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9
Q

Explain expiration in the abdomen

A
  • Diaphram relaxes, goes up
  • Contraction of abdominal muscles
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10
Q

Explain what changes in abdominal pressure

A
  • Increase in abdominal pressure= open orfices and EXPELL.

Poop, sneeze, pee, cough

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11
Q

Exmplain bony attachmnet/landmarks of abdomen

A
  • Lumbar vertebrae L1-L4 (posterior
  • Pelvic bones (inferior)
  • Inferior throacic inlet (superior)
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12
Q

Explain 3 muscles lateral to vertebrae (posterior wall)

A
  • Quadratus lumborum
  • Psoas Major
  • Illiacus

next to vertebrae

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13
Q

Explain 3 **lateral wall **muscles of the abdomen

A
  1. Transvers abdominus
  2. Internal oblique
  3. External oblique
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14
Q

Explain 1 muscle that makes the anterior wall of the abdomen

A

Rectus Abdominus

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15
Q

WHat region sits above the abdominal wall?

A

Thorax

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16
Q

What region sits below the abdominal cavity?

A

Pelvic cavity. Houses reproductive organs, urinary system, end of digestive tract.

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17
Q

The abdominal cavity + pelvic cavity

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

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18
Q

Vessels that pass through the abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity go where?

A

Lower limbs

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19
Q

Celiac artery supplys blod where?
What vertebrae?

A

Forgut (top part of esophagus) , L1

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20
Q

Stomach, liver, pancrease blood supply comes from? What gut?

A

Foregut, Celiac artery L1

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21
Q

The superior mesentaric artery supplys blood where?
What vertebrae?

A

Midgut (middle part of esophagus); L1

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22
Q
  • 2nd half of dueodeum
  • jejunum, illeum
  • cecum, ascending colon, and most of transverse colon
    *
    Blood supply comes from where? What gut?
A

Midgut, Superior mesentaric artery, L1

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23
Q

The inferior mesentaric artery supplys blood where?
What vertebrae?

A

Hindgut (bottom of esophagus), L3

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24
Q

Rest of large intestine (after transverse), etc..

gets blood supply from where? WHat gut?

A

Hindgut; Inferior mesentraric artery L3

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25
Q

What dermatome?

T6?

ant. wall innervation

A

Xiphoid Prcocess

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26
Q

What dermatome?

T10

ant. wall innervation

A

Umbilicus

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27
Q

What dermatome?

L1

ant. wall innervation

A

Suprapibic (slightl above pubic bone)

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28
Q

What dermantome?

T5-T12

A

Control musculature of abdominal wall

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29
Q

What dermantome?

T5-T6

A

Upper external oblique musles

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30
Q

What dermantome?

T7-L1

A

Abdominal wall muscles

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31
Q

Drainage of the GI tract and the Liver occurs via what system?

A

Hepatic Portal System

Drop of nutrients in the liver

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32
Q

The joining of the:
* Splenic vein
* Superior messentaric vein (collect from mid gut)
* Inferior messentaric vein( collect from hindgut)

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

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33
Q

Explain the hepatic portal system

A
  1. Blood from the hindgut (inferior mesentaric vein), joins into the Splenic Vein which then joins with the blood from the Midgut (Superior mesentary vein), to become the **portal vein **
  2. The Portal vein then **enters the liver **where nutrients are filtered in and out
  3. Blood leaves the liver via the** hepatic vein and then drains into the inferior vena cava **
  4. Blood is returned to the right atrium via the inferior vena cava.
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34
Q

4 Quadrants

What is the upper right quadrant contain?

A
  • Liver
  • Right part of diaphram
  • Right costal margins
  • Gallbladder
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35
Q

4 quadrant

What is the upper left quadrant contain?

A
  • Spleen
  • Stomach
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36
Q

4 Quadrants

What is in the lower left quadrant?

A
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
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37
Q

4 quadrant view

What is in the Right lower quadrant

A
  • Mcburnyes point
  • Anterior supero illiac spine
  • Appendix
  • Inguinal ligament
  • Pubic tubercle
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38
Q

What are the 9 quadrants?

A
  • Right hypochondrium
  • Epigastric Region
  • Left Hypochondrium
  • Right flank
  • Umbilical region
  • Left Flank
  • Right groin
  • Pubic region
  • Left groin
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39
Q

What region recieves reffered pain from foregut ?

A

Epigastric region

Liver, etc.

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40
Q

What region recieves reffered pain from midgut ?

A

Umbilical region

Small intentsine, some large

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41
Q

Reffered pain from hindgut (L3)

A

Pubic Region

Posteior large intestine

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42
Q

What muscle?

Compress abdominal contents
Both muscles- flex trunk
Each site- bend trunk and turn anterior part to opposite side

A

External Oblique

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43
Q

What muscles?

Compression of abdominal contents
Both muscles-** flex trunk **
Each site- bend trunk and turn anterior part to same side

A

Internal Oblique

44
Q

What Muscles?

Compress abdominal contents. Horizontal. Contracts= pull content in.

Deepest

A

Transversus Abdominis

45
Q

Compress abdominal contents
Flex vertebral column
Tense abdominal wall.
Deep core but also deep.
attach from xyphoid process to pubic synthesis

A

Rectus Abdominus

46
Q

Ligament that divides the the rectus abdominus left and right

A

Linia Alba

47
Q

aponeurotic tendinous sheath formed by a unique layering of the aponeurosis of the
* external obliques
* Internal obliques
* Transversus abdominis muscles.
What muscle sits amongst the tendons?

A

Rectus Sheath

Rectus abdominus

48
Q

4 Functions of the anterior abdominal muscles

A
  1. Curvature of waist (in & ex oblique)
  2. Rotation (synergistic, rotate left contract right)
  3. Flexion (Powerful lever action)
    4.** Lumbar curvature** (Good posture, forward tilt of of pelvis by rectus abdomis)
49
Q

What has pre ganglionic sympathetic neurons as well GVE and GVA.
T1-L2 & splanchic nerves

A

Sympathetic branches

50
Q

double layer of peritoneum that results when organ invaginates: nerves and vessels run between layers

A

Messentary

51
Q

double layered fold of peritoneum

A

Omentum

Lesser and greater

52
Q

Connects lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum to liver

A

Lesser Omentum

53
Q

Suspended from greater curvature
“Abdomeinal Policemen”

Wraps around infected area and prevents spread of infection.

Lots of vessles.

A
54
Q

Fan like fold of peritoneum
Suspends jejunum and ileum

A

Mesentery proper

55
Q

Describe path and loction of the epsophagus from thorac to abdomen

A

Runs posterior to trachea in the thorax, then passes through the esophageal hiatus (made by right crus) anterior to the aorta. in the diaphram and attaches into the stomach

56
Q

The left and right vagus nerves run latterally down the esophagus, forming a plexus on the surface of the esiophagus in the thorax, and then come back together at the the esophagyeal hiatus forming the what?

A

Anterior and Posterior Vagal Trunks

57
Q

Anterior and Posterior Vagal Trunks supply what?

A

Abdominal viscera

58
Q

Transition point in the stomach to the duodenum. Functions as a valve.

Names of the curves?

A

Pylorus

Greater and lesser curvature.

59
Q

Name the 3 parts of the small intestine in order of path

A
  1. duodenum (c shaped, short)
  2. Ileum
  3. Jejunum
60
Q

Transtion point from the illeum to the cecum (large intestine)

A

Ileoceccal junction

61
Q

Describe the path of large instine

A
  • Enter from illium via the illeocecal junction
  • Into the cecum
  • Up the ascending colon
  • Take turn at the right colic fisure
  • go accrows tansverese colon
  • Take a turn at the left collic fissure
  • GO down the descending colo
  • Into the sigmoid colon
  • The rectum
  • out anatal canal
62
Q

What is in the right hypochondriac region?

A
  • Right Liver
  • Right kidkey
  • Gallbladder
  • Large/small intestine (upper right)
63
Q

What is in epigastric region?

A
  • Center liver
  • Stomach majority
  • Duodenum
  • Adrenal glands
  • pancrease
64
Q

What is in left hypochondriac region?

A
  • Spleen
  • Colon
  • Left Kidney
  • Pancrease
65
Q

What is in the right lumbar region

A
  • Ascending colon
  • Small intestine
  • Right kidneys
66
Q

What is inthe umbilical region?

A
  • Dueodeum
  • Small intestine
  • Transverse Colon
67
Q

What is in the left lumbar region?

A
  • Descending colon
  • Small intestine
  • Left kidney
68
Q

What is in the right illiac region?

A
  • Appendix
  • Cecum
  • Ascending colon
  • Small intestine
69
Q

What is in the hypogastric rregion?

A
  • Bladder
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Illeum
  • Reproductive organs
70
Q

What is in the left illac region?

A
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Illeum
71
Q

Organ in the right hypochondrium and epigastric region

A

Liver

72
Q

Organ behind the liver that empties bile (via bile duct) into the descending part of the duodenum.

A

Gallbladder

73
Q

organ located behind the stomach/duodenum

A

Pancrease

74
Q

Bile & pancreatic enzymes emptys into the dueodenum from galbladder via what 2 things?

A
  1. Major dueodenal papilla
  2. Mino dueodenal papilla
75
Q

What 2 ducts connect to dump into the duodenum?

A

Bile duct from gallbladder and Major pancreatic duct.

76
Q

Postioninh

WHere are the right kidneys

A

very posteiror

77
Q

Where do the IVC and the aorta run in relation tot he stomach, pancreae and kdinesy?

A

Very posterior, in betweeen R & L kidneys. Behinds Pancrease stomach and down

78
Q

Describe portioning of superior mesenstaric vein and artery

A

Both come off IVC and Aorta recpectively, running behind the neck of the pancrease & stomach and over anteiror to the duodenum

79
Q

Describe postitioning of the spleen

A

Upper left quadrant; left hypochondriac region, posterior laterl.

80
Q

Once it reaches the pelvic, the abdominal aorta does what?

What vertebral level?

A

L4! Splits into R & L common illiac arteries.

81
Q

Both common illiac arterys do what?

A

Split into the inernal and external illiac arterues.

82
Q

lookk!

A
83
Q

What vein goes into the splenic vein?

A

Inferior messentaric vein

84
Q

What are 3 main organs of the posterior abdonminal wall?

A
  1. Right kidney
  2. LEft kidney
  3. Ureter
85
Q

What msucles

Depress and stabilize rib 12
Some lateral bending of trunk (unilateral movment)

Btwn ribs & crest of illum

A

Quadratus lumborum

Posterior wall

86
Q

Flexion of thigh at hip joint
Pass outside of abdonmial cavity and down to the femur.

A

Psoas Muscles

87
Q

Flexion of thigh at hip joing

Sits on illume, attahes to femure.

A

Illiacus muscles

88
Q

Vena caval foramen details?

A
  • IVC and right phrenic nerve go throuh
  • T8
89
Q

Esophageal hiatus
details

A

Esophagus and R?L Vagal trunks, esophageal artery from left gastric a.
T10

90
Q

Aorti Hiatus details

A
  • Aorta, throacic duct, and azygous vein go through
  • T12
91
Q

What forms esophageal hiatus?

A

Right crus

92
Q

The lateral accurate ligament goes over what msucles?

A

Quadratus lumbordum

93
Q

The medial accurate ligamnet goes over what muscle?

A

Psoas

94
Q

What makes the aortic hiatus?

A

Median accurate ligament

95
Q

The sympathetic chain goes where?

A

Tightly assocated with vetebrae, come throuh medial ligament of diaphram

96
Q

Kidneys are where and what?

A

Paired, posterior wall behind abdominal viscera . Have suprarenal glands

97
Q

Where all the structures come in an out of the kidney

A

Hilum

98
Q

The renal artery for both kidnesy comes off of what vessel?

A

The aorta

99
Q

The renal vein of both kidneys go where?

A

Back Into the inferior vena cava

100
Q
A
100
Q

Part of kidney where urin is comin from collection.

A

Renal Pelvis

101
Q

Comes off renal pelvis and travels down to deliver urine to the bladder.

A

Uretuer

102
Q

Explain the ureters

A

Come down out of kdineys, transveres over bifrucation of common ilac artery and enter urinary bladder. Leads out of body for urination

103
Q

Glands that sit on top of both kidneys, recieve lots of blood, well innverated, highly vascularized.

A

Suprarenal glands

104
Q

What are the 6 main branches of the abdominal aorta?

A
  1. Celiac trunk (L1, foregut)
  2. Superior mesenteric (L1, mid gut)
  3. Inferior mesenteric (L3, hind gut)
  4. Renal Arteries R&L
  5. Common illiac
  6. External iliac
  7. Internal illiac

ANT 1001 Lecture (16 decks)

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