Amino Acids and Mutation

Question 1

How many possible codons code for amino acids?

Answer 1

64 possible codons code for 20 amino acids

Question 2

T or F: most amino acids can be encoded by more than one codon

Answer 2

true

Question 3

Ala; A

Answer 3

alanine

Question 4

Cys; C

Answer 4

cysteine

Question 5

Asp; D

Answer 5

aspartic acid

Question 6

Glu; E

Answer 6

glutamic acid

Question 7

Phe; F

Answer 7

phenylalanine

Question 8

Gly; G

Answer 8

glycine

Question 9

His; H

Answer 9

histidine

Question 10

IIe; I

Answer 10

isoleucine

Question 11

Lys; K

Answer 11

lysine

Question 12

Leu; L

Answer 12

leucine

Question 13

Met; M

Answer 13

methionine

Question 14

Asn; N

Answer 14

asparagine

Question 15

Pro; P

Answer 15

proline

Question 16

Gln; Q

Answer 16

glutamine

Question 17

Arg; R

Answer 17

arginine

Question 18

Ser; S

Answer 18

serine

Question 19

Thr: T

Answer 19

threonine

Question 20

Val; V

Answer 20

valine

Question 21

Trp; W

Answer 21

tryptophan

Question 22

Tyr; Y

Answer 22

tyrosine

Question 23

What are the start codons?

Answer 23

AUG; methionine

Question 24

What are the end codons?

Answer 24

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 25

What causes mutations?

Answer 25

caused by small or large changes in the gene such as point mutations (small) and insertions, rearrangement, and deletions (range in size from small to very large)

Question 26

What can mutation alter?

Answer 26

1. the sequence and structure of protein
2. the regulatory regions of a gene and change expression

Question 27

What are mutations that eliminate the function of a gene?

Answer 27

1. null
2. loss-of-function mutations

Question 28

T or F: most mutations are conservative

Answer 28

true

Question 29

What is the most common mutation?

Answer 29

point mutation

Question 30

T or F: point mutations will always lead to changes in proteins

Answer 30

false

Question 31

What are mutations?

Answer 31

heritable changes in DNA sequence

Question 32

What are the types of point mutations?

Answer 32

1. missense mutations
2. nonsense mutations
3. silent mutations

Question 33

What are missense mutations?

Answer 33

alter the encoded amino acid (may cause trouble)

Question 34

What are nonsense mutations?

Answer 34

introduce a premature stop codon (usually bad)

Question 35

What are silent mutations?

Answer 35

do not change the amino acid sequence (no effect)