Chapter 7: Visual Analysis

Question 1

A-B Design

Answer 1

Two phases.
Pretreatment baseline condition (A).
Treatment condition (B).

Question 2

Affirmation of the Consequent

Answer 2

When the IV is implemented, the level of the data points (a dimension of the behavior) will change.

Question 3

Ascending Baseline

Answer 3

From low to high.
Bx is already changing.

Only implement the IV at this time if you’re targeting a bx of decrease

Question 4

Baseline

Answer 4

Condition where IV is not present.
Data obtained are the basis for determining effects of the IV.

Question 5

Baseline Logic

Answer 5

Refers to experimental reasoning inherent in single-subject designs.
3 elements: prediction, verification, replication.

Question 6

Component Analysis

Answer 6

Does one IV (treatment), within the treatment package impact the DV more so than another?

Question 7

Confounding Variable

Answer 7

Variables that cannot be controlled or accounted for that impact the DV.

Question 7

Dependent Variable

Answer 7

The behavior that is being observed for changes due to the presence of the IV.

Question 7

Descending Baseline

Answer 7

A data path that shows a decreasing trend in the response measure over time.
The behavior is already changing.

Question 7

Experimental Control

Answer 7

Clear data showing the IV directly changes the DV. When a predictable change in the behavior can be reliably produced by the systematic manipulation of some aspect of the individual’s environment.

AKA Functional Relations

Question 8

Experimental Design

Answer 8

The particular type of sequence of conditions in a study so that meaningful comparisons of the effects of the presence and absence (or different values) of the IV can be made.

Question 9

External Validity

Answer 9

The intervention demonstrates a similar impact on other individuals, other settings, or other behaviors outside of the original experiment.

Question 10

Extraneous Variable

Answer 10

Any aspect of the experimental setting that must be held constant to prevent unplanned environmental variation.

Ex: Lighting, temperature

Question 11

Independent Variable

Answer 11

The intervention that is being implemented to impact the DV.

Question 12

Internal Validity

Answer 12

The experiment demonstrates that the IV impacts the DV and the DV is not controlled by confounding variables.

Question 13

Non-Parametric Analysis

Answer 13

Does the presence or absence of the IV impact the DV?

Ex: Does the bx increase or decrease when Bobbi is on medication versus when she is off medication?

Question 14

Parametric Analysis

Answer 14

How much of the IV is needed to impact the DV?

Ex: In the hospital setting, what level of dosage of a pain reliever does it take for Bobby to stop crying from being in pain?

Question 15

Practice Effects

Answer 15

Improvements in performance resulting from the opportunities to perform a behavior repeatedly so that the baseline measures can be obtained.

Question 16

Prediction

Answer 16

If the IV is not implemented, the behavior will continue on a similar patters to the baseline.

Ask: Is our data stable? If so, you can make an accurate prediction.

Question 17

Research Question

Answer 17

What the researcher wants the experiment to answer.

Question 18

Replication

Answer 18

Implementing the IV for a second time demonstrates that there is a functional relationship between the IV and the DV.

Question 19

Single Subject/Case Design

Answer 19

A research design that involves repeatedly measuring an individual’s behavior under different environmental conditions to compare the effects of variables, using the individual as their own control.

Question 20

Stable Baseline

Answer 20

No ascending or descending trend.
All the values of the DV are falling within the same small range.

Question 21

Steady State Responding

Answer 21

A pattern of responding that exhibits relatively little variation in its measured dimentional quantities over a period of time.

Question 22

Steady State Strategy

Answer 22

Repeatedly exposing a subject to a given condition while trying to eliminate or control extraneous influences on the behavior and obtaining a stable pattern of responding before introducing the next condition.

Question 23

Variable Baseline

Answer 23

No clear trend.

Question 24

Verification

Answer 24

Without the IV present, it is verified that the behavior will continue to reflect a similar pattern to the baseline data.