Motor Learning & Coaching

Question 1

Define Motor Learning

Answer 1

Discipline concerned with the learning of skilled movements through biophysical knowledge about neural, muscular, & sensory systems, practise & feedback

Question 2

What 2 are subsections of Motor Learning & Coaching

Answer 2

• Motor Programs
• Motor Skills

Question 3

Define Motor Programs

Answer 3

Organised set of individuals motor skills (or subroutines) that result in the correct execution of specified sills

Question 4

List the characteristics of Motor Programs

Answer 4

• Dependant on the individual motor skills
• Stored within performers memory & when called upon
• In completing the task, performer combines small task into bigger tasks

Question 5

Define Skill

Answer 5

Learnt ability to bring about predetermined results with a maximum of certainty, often with a maximum outlay of time or energy or both

Question 6

What are the 3 types of skills

Answer 6

• Cognitive Skills
• Perceptual Skills
• Motor Skills

Question 7

Define Cognitive Skills

Answer 7

• Primarily uses brain =
  E.g. Reading

Question 8

Define Perceptual Skills

Answer 8

• How an individual interprets stimuli
  E.g. 2 people receive same info, but interpret the info differently

Question 9

Define Motor Skills (in terms of Skill)

Answer 9

• Physical Movement
  E.g. Catching, Throwing

Question 10

Define Motor Skills

Answer 10

Activities that involve voluntary muscular movement to complete a predetermined task to help understand the demand of the skill

Question 11

Characteristics Of Motor Skills

Answer 11

• Complex sequence of movements
• Learned & required to improve performers
• Predetermined goals & incentives

Question 12

Skilled Performers who have excellent Motor Skills have what characteristics list 4

Answer 12

• Correct Response
• Achieve desired outcome
• Improved accuracy
• Quicker response
• Well coordinated with fluency of movement
• Analyse info & make decision faster
• Fluent movement - physiologically economic
• Focus on relevant cues

Question 13

Define movement precision in terms of classification of motor skills

Answer 13

Influence by the size of muscle groups/ & movement involved.

Question 14

State the difference between Gross & Fine motor skills

Answer 14

Gross = Involve major muscle groups to produce large body movements E.g. walking

Fine = Involve movement of smaller muscle groups to produce more precise movement coordination.
E.g. writing

Question 15

define type of movement

Answer 15

How well defined the beginning & end performance is

Question 16

Define Discrete skills

Answer 16

Have a clear beginning & end
E.g. drive in golf

Question 17

Define serial skill

Answer 17

A number of discrete skills, put together in a particular order
E.g. floor routine in gym

Question 18

Define continuous data

Answer 18

Don’t have a clear beginning or end, & is impossible to tell where skill starts & when it stops.
E.g. cycling. or jogging

Question 19

What are Cues?

Question 20

List all 3 types of cues

Answer 20

• Verbal
• Visual
• Proprioceptive

Question 21

Define the Visual Cue

Answer 21

Opportunity to “watch” the desired skill/visual aids, critical in cognitive stage, around 3 or 4 points verbalised, external.

Question 22

Define Verbal Cue

Answer 22

A short orientated phase which directs or performs attention to task relevant stimuli which goes into enhance performance, instruction & feedback to perform.

Prior to performance to increase focus, positive visual cues increases motivation

Question 23

Define Proprioceptive

Answer 23

Internal feedback which comes from sensory reception “proprioceptive” - in joints, muscles, & tendons.

Send info to CNS detailing positions, posture, equilibrium.
Help CNS control, speed, & position.

Question 24

Kinaesthetic Information

Answer 24

Information from within your body out, about how the movement felt & can be used by experienced perfomer.

Question 25

Define Info/ processing & model of learning

Answer 25

How performers :
- Take in large info from the environment
- Analyse & interpret info
- Make decision about what response to make

Question 26

Name all the 4 phases of Info/ processing & model of learning

Answer 26

1. Input: Receive info by sensory system
2. Processing: info analysed, interpret & response
3. Output: Select movement is produced
4. Feedback: Info about performers in received

Question 27

Define Stage 1: ID stimuli/ input

Answer 27

Stage involves sensory mechanism detecting signals
- from environment
- info is internal & external
- is irrelevant
- relevant info is further processed

Question 28

Define Stage 2: Response ID/ Decision Making

Answer 28

Perceptual/ stimuli detection
- Mechanism analyse, interpret the data received, from sensory mechanism

Question 29

Define Ability of Sense Organs

Answer 29

• Better sense organs involved
• Poor eyesight & hearing loss & ability to detect cues

Question 30

Strength of Cue

Answer 30

The more intense the cue is, the likely it is to be detectable

Question 31

Noise

Answer 31

Any irrelevant cues in the environment, distract people

Question 32

Length of Cue

Answer 32

Length of cue in presentation, more likely to be detected

Question 33

Level of Arousal

Answer 33

• An over aroused can imagine signals, not present
• An under aroused can miss cues

Question 34

Define the decision making mechanism

Answer 34

• All relevant data, has been interpreted & analysed decision by experience & knowledge & skills

Question 35

Name all the stages of Information & Processing Model of Learning

Answer 35

Stage 1: Identification of Stimuli/Response
Stage 2: Response identification/ Decision making
Stage 3: Response/Selection
Stage 4: Feedback