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Parasitology > Trematodes > Flashcards

Trematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Trematodes Adult Worms

A
  • Usually flat
  • Elongated
  • Leaf shaped
  • Two cup-shaped muscular suckers
  • Oral sucker
  • Ventral sucker used for attachment
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2
Q

Hermaphroditic Fluke

A
  • Bisexual
  • Highly branched reproductive organs
  • Paragonimus westermani
  • Fasciola hepatica
  • Clonorchis sinensis
  • Fasciolopsis buski
  • Heterphyes heterophyes
  • Metagonimus yokagawai
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3
Q

Unisexual Adult Worms

A
  • Both male and female
  • Schistosoma mansoni
  • Schistosoma japonicum
  • Schistosoma haemtobium
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4
Q

Trematodes Life Cycle

A

1) Adult lives in specific organs or blood
2) Eggs are found in particular specimen depending on species
3) Eggs contaminate environment
4) Eggs contain larvae (mirachidium)
5) Mirachidium infects specific snail species
6) Mirachidium forms sporocyst, which then develops into cercariae
7) Cercariae are free swimming

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5
Q

Sites Eggs are found

A

1) Sputum - lung fluke (P. westermani)
2) Feces - intestines (S. mansoni, S. japonicum, F. buski, H. heterophyes, F. hepatica, C. sinensis)
3) Urine - bladder (S. haematobium)

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6
Q

Cercariae pathways

A

1) Schistosomes (species found in blood)
- Cercariae emerge from snail and penetrate skin of humans
2) In F. buski and F. hepatica
- Encyst attaches to water plants and eaten by humans
3) H. heterophyes, C. sinensus, & P. westermani
- Enters the second intermediate host (fish or crabs) which is eaten by humans

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7
Q

Trematodes Pathology

A

Lesions which depend upon location, number of adult worms, and effect eggs and metabolic products have on host

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8
Q

Paragonimus westermani Distribution

A

Found in far east
Japan, China, Micronesia, New Guinea, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, India, and Philippines

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9
Q

Paragonimus westermani Symptoms

A

Chest pain
Cough
Blood tinged sputum (appears pepper-like and blood streaked)

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10
Q

Paragonimus westermani Adult

A

Encyst in the lung
Frequently in pairs
1 mm x 5 mm

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11
Q

Paragonimus westermani Egg

A

85 x 55 mm
Terminal shell thickening
Shouldered operculum
Operculum has rim

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12
Q

Fasciola hepatica Distribution

A

Sheep and cattle-raising countries

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13
Q

Fasciola hepatica Symptoms

A

Causes liver cirrhosis

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14
Q

Fasiola hepatica Adult

A

35 mm x 15 mm

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15
Q

Fasiola hepatica Egg

A

150 x 90 um
Operculated

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16
Q

Clonorchis sinesis Distribution

A

Found in far east
Japan, Korea, Vietnam, and China

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17
Q

Cloronochis sinesis Symptoms

A

Inflammatory changes
Feeding of adult in biliary passages
Jaundice due to bile duct pathology
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain

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18
Q

Clonorchis sinesis Adult

A

Measures 19 mm x 3.5 mm

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19
Q

Clonorchis sinesis Egg

A

30 um x 16 um
Small terminal knob
Thickened rim around operculum - “shouldered operculum”

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20
Q

Clonorchis sinesis Diagnostic Stage

A

Egg in stool

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21
Q

Fasciolopsis buski Distribution

A

China, India, Vietnam, and Thailand

22
Q

Fasciolopsis buski Adult

A

20-30 mm x 10 mm

23
Q

Fasciolopsis buski Pathology

A
  • Mucosal ulcers
  • Pain
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
24
Q

Fasciolopsis buski Egg

A

Same as F. hepatica
Cannot differentiate between the two

25
Q

Fasciolopsis buski Infectious Stage

A

Ingestion of water chestnuts contaminated with metacercaria

26
Q

Fasciolopsis buski Diagnostic Stage

A

Egg in stool

27
Q

Schistosoma japonicum Distribution

A

Far East

28
Q

Schistosoma japonicum Common Name

A

Oriental Blood Fluke

29
Q

Schistosoma japonicum Pathology

A
  • Granuloma of liver or intestines
  • Cirrhosis
  • Most pathogenic
30
Q

Schistosoma japonicum Egg

A

80 x 60 um
Small indistinguishable lateral spine

31
Q

Schistosoma japonicum Diagnostic Stage

A

Egg in stool

32
Q

Schistosoma mansoni Distribution

A

Africa, Middle East, and South America

33
Q

Schistosoma mansoni Pathology

A

Bilharzia
Granuloma of liver, intestines, and bladder
May cause cirrhosis

34
Q

Schistosoma mansoni Egg

A

160 um x 80 um
Prominent lateral spine

35
Q

Schistosoma mansoni Diagnostic Stage

A

Egg in stool

36
Q

Schistosoma haematobium Distribution

A

Nile River Valley, African, Middle East

37
Q

Schistosoma haematobium Pathology

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder

38
Q

Schistosoma haematobium Egg

A

160 um x 80 um
Terminal spine

39
Q

Schistosoma haematobium Diagnostic Stage

A

Eggs in urine

40
Q

Schistosoma dermatitis Distribution

A

Cosmopolitan

41
Q

Schistosoma dermatitis Pathology

A

Dermatitis (inflammation and localized edema)

42
Q

Schistosoma dermatitis Infectious Stage

A

Cercariae penetration of skin

43
Q

Schistosoma dermatitis Diagnostic Stage

A

Rash after swimming

44
Q

Schistosoma dermatitis Common Name

A

Swimmer’s Itch
Clam Digger’s Itch
Whirl Pool Dermatitis

45
Q

Paragonimus westermani Common Name

A

Oriental Lung Fluke

46
Q

Paragonimus westermani Infectious Stage

A

Ingesting raw crayfish with metacercariae

47
Q

Paragonimus westermani Diagnostic Stage

A

Eggs in sputum

48
Q

Fasciola hepatica Common Name

A

Sheep Liver Fluke

49
Q

Fasciola hepatica Infectious Stage

A

Ingesting watercress contaminated with metacercariae

50
Q

Fasciola hepatica Diagnostic Stage

A

Egg in stool
Travel history

51
Q

Clonorchis sinesis Common Name

A

Chinese Liver Fluke

52
Q

Clonorchis sinesis Infectious Stage

A

Ingesting under cooked fresh water fish contaminated with metacercariae

Parasitology (8 decks)

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