Cardio MCQs Flashcards
Heart Failure is a chronic condition interspersed with acute episodes that can require
hospitalisation and finally cardiac transplantation or supportive/palliative care. The
pathophysiology of heart failure is such that the symptoms of altered filling pressures,
autonomic adaption and fluid retention develop often over a 2-3 week period before the crisis
that precipitates hospitalisation. In this regard, CardioMEMS is a predictive intervention that
involves what?
A pressure transducer placed in the pulmonary artery that feeds data in real time to their clinician
There are a number of changes that can be seen in an ECG trace that occur in association with
disruption of perfusion of the cardiac tissue. What is ST segment elevation a sign of?
an area of ischaemia has developed less than an hour ago
When is the best time to initiate hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to protect against
cardiovascular disease?
within the first 10 years of menopause
After an acute ischaemic (lack of blood flow) myocardial infarct (heart attack), the reflow of
the blood to the infarcted area allows the heart to repair but causes a burst of reactive oxygen
species in the heart tissue. The main cellular sources of reactive oxygen species in the injured
heart after reflow of blood are:
neutrophils and macrophages
What is heart failure
It is a chronic, progressive condition that involves alterations in cardiac structure/function
and systemic changes
What happens in vascular conductance with age?
reduced vascular conductance in response to increased noradrenaline
What measurements is derived from tissue doppler of the mitral annulus?
Eā/Aā ratio