Cardio MCQs Flashcards

1
Q

Heart Failure is a chronic condition interspersed with acute episodes that can require
hospitalisation and finally cardiac transplantation or supportive/palliative care. The
pathophysiology of heart failure is such that the symptoms of altered filling pressures,
autonomic adaption and fluid retention develop often over a 2-3 week period before the crisis
that precipitates hospitalisation. In this regard, CardioMEMS is a predictive intervention that
involves what?

A

A pressure transducer placed in the pulmonary artery that feeds data in real time to their clinician

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

There are a number of changes that can be seen in an ECG trace that occur in association with
disruption of perfusion of the cardiac tissue. What is ST segment elevation a sign of?

A

an area of ischaemia has developed less than an hour ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is the best time to initiate hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to protect against
cardiovascular disease?

A

within the first 10 years of menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

After an acute ischaemic (lack of blood flow) myocardial infarct (heart attack), the reflow of
the blood to the infarcted area allows the heart to repair but causes a burst of reactive oxygen
species in the heart tissue. The main cellular sources of reactive oxygen species in the injured
heart after reflow of blood are:

A

neutrophils and macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is heart failure

A

It is a chronic, progressive condition that involves alterations in cardiac structure/function
and systemic changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens in vascular conductance with age?

A

reduced vascular conductance in response to increased noradrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What measurements is derived from tissue doppler of the mitral annulus?

A

Eā€™/Aā€™ ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly