Conflict and Tension: 1919-39: Peace-making

Question 1

What was the name of the British leader at the Paris Peace Conference?

Answer 1

David Lloyd George

Question 2

What was the name of the French leader at the Paris Peace Conference?

Answer 2

Georges Clemenceau

Question 3

What was the name of the American leader at the Paris Peace Conference?

Answer 3

Woodrow Wilson

Question 4

What was the name given to the French, American and British leader at the Paris Peace Conference?

Answer 4

The Big Three

Question 5

What were Lloyd-George’s aims during the Paris Peace Conference?

Answer 5

• safeguard Britain’s naval supremacy
• Please electors who wanted to ‘make Germany pay’
• Leave Germany strong enough to trade (bought back jobs)

Question 6

What were Clemenceau’s aims during the Paris Peace Conference?

Answer 6

• cripple Germany so they don’t start another war
• weaken the German army
• wanted Alsace- Lorraine for France

Question 7

What were Wilson’s aims during the Paris Peace Conference?

Answer 7

• to end the war and create the LON
• ensure Germany wasn’t destroyed
• not to blame Germany for the war –> deemed as too harsh
• wanted to end all wars and wanted disagreements to be discussed rather than going to war

Question 8

How were the Big Three’s aims reflective of their performance in WW1?

Answer 8

• France: suffered the most during the war as the fighting happened on their land
• Britain: suffered in the war but not as much as F
• America: barely suffered in WW1

Question 9

What were the disagreements during the Paris Peace conference?

Answer 9

• Clemenceau + Wilson: USA hasn’t suffered as badly as France, Clemenceau resented Wilson’s generous attitude towards Germany
• Clemenceau + LG: C felt as if Britain was ok to treat Germany on land, where they weren’t a threat but not on sea, where they were
• LG +W: LG disagreed on 2 points of the 14 points - access to the seas + people ruling themselves was somewhat threatening to the British Empire

Question 10

What was the name of Wilson’s plan for the future?

Answer 10

The Fourteen Point Plan

Question 11

Define ‘self determination’

Answer 11

Giving national groups their own countries

Question 12

What were the four key clauses of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 12

• territorial
• military
• financial and economic
• war guilt

Question 13

What was Germany’s role in the Paris Peace Conference?

Answer 13

• they weren’t allowed to attend
• they assumed that the armistice would be based on Wilson’s 14 points
• it was not

Question 14

How much did Germany have to pay in reparations?

Answer 14

£6,600 million

Question 15

What did Germany lose overall?

Answer 15

• 10% of all its land
• 12.5% of its population
• 16% of all its coalfields + 50% of iron and steel industry

Question 16

How many soldiers was Germany allowed?

Answer 16

100,000

Question 17

Name three pieces of land Germany lost

Answer 17

• Alsace-Lorraine
• Rhineland
• Saarland
• The Polish Corridor
• all overseas colonies

Question 18

What was the war guilt clause?

Answer 18

Germany had to take the blame for starting the war

Question 19

Who was given the German colonies to control?

Answer 19

League of Nations

Question 20

In reality, who was actually controlling the German colonies?

Answer 20

Britain and France

Question 21

What were the German leaders who signed the Treaty of Versailles known as?

Answer 21

The November Criminals

Question 22

What term was used to describe the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 22

Diktat

Question 23

What was the German people’s reaction to the Treaty?

Answer 23

• angry + humiliated
• Mass protest outside the Reichstag in 1919
• military restrictions would weaken them in comparison to B + F and would prevent them from becoming an imperial superpower
• Treaty implied that they completely lost the war, which they didn’t as they had their fair share of wins and were able to successfully defend their country from invasion

Question 24

Why wasn’t America pleased with the treaty?

Answer 24

• fourteen points had not been reflected + thought that the treaty was too harsh
• felt it would not create peace
• American congress refused to sign the treaty and signed a separate treaty with Germany

Question 25

Why wasn’t Britain pleased with the treaty?

Answer 25

LG:
- thought that the treaty was too harsh on Germany
- terms that were too harsh would lead to resentment and eventually another war
British public
- were pleased w the public as they got the revenge they wanted

Question 26

Why wasn’t France pleased with the treaty?

Answer 26

• felt it wasn’t harsh enough
• Clemenceau was voted out because of this

Question 27

What were the strengths of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 27

• brought peace to Europe
• Restored country boundaries + gave them a more individual identity
• France regained Alsace-Lorraine
• war had caused a huge amount of damage and reparations were required to rebuild

Question 28

What were the weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 28

• C +LG feared that treaties would lead to another war
• The treaty left Germans helpless; so they hated it
• None of the Big 3 got their way, lots of disagreements
• Germans had no say in it so they saw it as forced - Diktat
• New countries and states weren’t stable enough to run themselves - no military, political or economic power
• Caused displacement of a lot of the German public

Question 29

What other treaties were created at the end of the war?

Answer 29

• St Germain
• Trianon
• Neuilly
• Sevres

Question 30

What did the treaty of St Germain deal with and what were its terms?

Answer 30

• Austria
• separates Austria + Hungary
• took away land
• made Austria limit its army
• created new countries

Question 31

What did the treaty of Trianon deal with and what were its terms?

Answer 31

• Hungary
• took land away
• made them reduce their army
• created new countries

Question 32

What did the treaty of Neuilly deal with and what were its terms?

Answer 32

• Bulgaria
• took away land
• denied access to the sea
• made Bulgaria reduce its army

Question 33

What did the treaty of Sevres deal with and what were its terms?

Answer 33

• Turkey
• lost land
• lost control of the Black Sea