Metformin Flashcards

1
Q

Question

A

Answer

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2
Q

Q1: What is metformin primarily used for in adults?

A

Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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3
Q

Q2: Is metformin licensed for treating polycystic ovary syndrome in adults?

A

A2: No, it’s not licensed for this indication.

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4
Q

Q3: Can metformin be used in children aged 8-9 years for type 2 diabetes?

A

A3: Yes, it may be used, but it’s not licensed for this age group.

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5
Q

Is metformin safe for use during pregnancy?

A

YES it can be used during pregnancy and the periconception period if clinically indicated.

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6
Q

B12 levels in metformin-treated patients?

A

A5: Monitor vitamin B12 levels in patients at risk and treat deficiency as per guidelines.

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7
Q

Q6: What are the contraindications for metformin use?

A
  • Acute metabolic acidosis,
  • lactic acidosis
  • Diabetic ketoacidosis.
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8
Q

Q7: What cautions should be taken when using metformin?

A
  • cautious in chronic stable heart failure,
  • with drugs impairing renal function,
  • during dehydration,
  • in conditions causing tissue hypoxia.
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9
Q

Q8: When should metformin be avoided in adults with renal impairment?

A

(eGFR) is less than
30 mL

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10
Q

Q9: Can metformin be used during breastfeeding in women with pre-existing diabetes?

A

Yes, it may be used during breastfeeding.

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11
Q

Q10: What dose adjustment should be considered for metformin in children with moderate renal impairment?

A

A10: Consider dose reduction.

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12
Q

Q11: How often should renal function be monitored in patients taking metformin?

A
  • Before treatment
  • annually, or
  • More frequent in Pt with renal impairment
  • or deteriation
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13
Q

Q12: What’s the maximum daily dose for metformin immediate-release medicines in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A

2000 mg

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14
Q

Q13: What advice should patients and their carers receive regarding the risk of lactic acidosis?

A

A13: They should be informed of the risk and told to seek immediate medical attention if specific symptoms occur.

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15
Q

Q14: What is the primary drug action of metformin hydrochloride?

A
  • Metformin decreases gluconeogenesis
  • and increases peripheral utilization of glucose,
  • it’s effective only in the presence of endogenous insulin
  • and some functioning pancreatic islet cells.
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16
Q

Q15: What are some common side effects associated with metformin use?

A
  • abdominal pain,
  • decreased appetite,
  • N&V&D gastrointestinal disorders,
  • altered taste,
  • vitamin B12 deficiency,
17
Q

Q16: What are some rare or very rare side effects associated with metformin use?

A
  • hepatitis and lactic acidosis
  • (which requires discontinuation of the medication).
  • skin reactions can occur rarely.
18
Q

Q17: How are gastrointestinal side effects of metformin typically experienced during treatment?

A
  • during treatment initiation and usually resolve spontaneously.
  • Slowly increasing the dose may improve tolerability.
19
Q

Q18: When should patients and their carers seek immediate medical attention regarding metformin use?

A

seek immediate medical attention if
experience symptoms such as

  • dyspnea,
  • muscle cramps,
  • abdominal pain,
  • hypothermia, or asthenia,

as these could be signs of lactic acidosis, a rare but serious side effect.