Vocab Quiz 4

Question 1

Intertidal Zone

Answer 1

vaguely defined as the zone between the highest and lowest extent of the tide

Question 2

Vertical Zonation

Answer 2

the presence of different depth bands dominated by different species in the intertidal zone

Question 3

Foundation Species

Answer 3

species that are structurally important for the organization of a community.

Question 4

Top-Down Effects

Answer 4

refers to food webs where control of a population is mainly explained by consumption by a species or group of species at higher levels of the food chain

Question 5

Indirect effects

Answer 5

an ecological effect of one species on another that is mediated through changes in abundance of a third species that interacts with the first species

Question 6

Alternative Stable States

Answer 6

depending on specific circumstances or sequences of events, a community might move toward and then exist in one of two or more states that are stable for long periods of time until a major perturbation occurs.

Question 7

Recruitment

Answer 7

the residue of those larvae that have 1) dispersed 2) settled at the adult site 3) made some final movements toward the adult habitat 4) metamorphosed successfully 5) survived to be detected by the observer

Question 8

Trophic cascade

Answer 8

a strong interaction among trophic levels in a food chain, where changes in density at one level results in indirect effects at a trophic level that does no directly interact with the first level

Question 9

Rhizome

Answer 9

A system of runners below the sediment surface that allows sea grasses and salt marsh plants to extend coverage of a plant over large areas and permits transfer of nutrients to new areas where shoots can emerge at the sediment surface

Question 10

Ecosystem engineer

Answer 10

a species whose activities strongly affect the physical structure of the environment. Often used interchangeably with foundation species

Question 11

Vegetational zones

Answer 11

find

Question 12

Salt glands

Answer 12

in mangroves: in some species, glands in the leaves that excrete salts to the leaf surface

Question 13

Highly Stratified Estuary

Answer 13

an estuary having a distinct surface layer of fresh or very-low-salinity water, capping a deeper layer of higher-salinity, more oceanic water

Question 14

Biodeposition

Answer 14

the deposition on the seabed of material by benthos such as suspension-feeding bivalves, in the form of feces or pseudofeces

Question 15

Shoots

Answer 15

find

Question 16

Epiphytes

Answer 16

microalgal organism living on a surface. Example: on a seaweed frond

Question 17

Holdfast

Answer 17

in seaweeds: a structure that attaches the seaweed to the substratum

Question 18

Stipe

Answer 18

in seaweeds: the structure that connects the holdfast to the fronds or blades and usually provides mechanical strength to the seaweed in a current

Question 19

Blade

Answer 19

the flattened terminal parts of a seaweed

Question 20

Canopy

Answer 20

a layer of photosynthetic organisms high off the water column, potentially shading lower layers near the seafloor

Question 21

Zooxanthellae

Answer 21

a group of dinoflagellates living endosymbiotically in association with one of a variety of invertebrate groups (example: corals)

Question 22

Scleractinia

Answer 22

find

Question 23

Nematocyst

Answer 23

the stinging, hooking, or mucus-producing elements that emerge from nematoblasts

Question 24

Hermatypic corals

Answer 24

reef-building

Question 25

Leeward

Answer 25

the side of an island opposite from the one facing persistent wind

Question 26

Fringing reef

Answer 26

find

Question 27

Allelopathy

Answer 27

the production of a substance by one species that is toxic to another species that may live adjacent to the first species