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Parasitology 1st Shifting > Lab Safety and Specimen Collection > Flashcards

Lab Safety and Specimen Collection Flashcards

1
Q

Potential risks in parasitoloy lab

A
  • Ingestion of eggs/ova
  • Skin penetration of infective larva
  • Infection of non-parasitic agents
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2
Q

True or False: fixed stool specimens in formalin are risk-free and non-infectious because of the fixative

A

False

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3
Q

Has a thick outer layer made up of albumin

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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4
Q

Container for fecal specimen

A

Clean, wide-mouthed containers

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5
Q

Capacity of fecal containers

A

0.5 pint or approx. 240 mL

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6
Q

How many specimens within how many days should be collected for routine fecalysis?

A

3 specimens collected within 6-7 days (no more than 7 days)
Every other day is collected

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7
Q

How many specimens within how many days should be collected for intestinal amebiasis?

A

No more than 6 specimens collected within 10 days

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8
Q

How many weeks is the patient deferred from fecalysis if they are taking anti-protozoan drugs?

A

3-4 weeks

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9
Q

How many weeks is the patient deferred from fecalysis if they are taking anti-helminthic drugs?

A

5-6 weeks

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10
Q

Which drugs should be a cause of deferment for 1 week?

A

o Antacids
o Anti-diarrheals
o Barium
o Bismuth
o Laxatives

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11
Q

Usually decreases the number of protozoans for several weeks

A

Antibiotics

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12
Q

Size of formed stool that should be used

A

thumb-sized

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13
Q

How much watery stool should be used

A

5-6 tablespoons

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14
Q

How much time before trophozoites die?

A

30 minutes - 1 hour

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15
Q

What should be the temperature of the refrigerator used for stool samples?

A

3-5 degrees celsius (4 degrees celsius is the most optimal)

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16
Q

Does not preserve morphology (has time limitations)

A

Formalin

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17
Q

Stool to fixative ratio for formalin

A

1:3

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18
Q

Concentration of formalin that is recommended for protozoan cysts

A

5%

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19
Q

Concentration of formalin that is recommended for helminth eggs and larva

A

10%

20
Q

Percentage of the stock solution of formalin

A

40%

21
Q

What solution can buffer formlin to preserve morphological characteristics of organisms

A

Sodium phosphate

22
Q

Morphology is preserved but not motility

A

Schaudinn’s solution

23
Q

Used to preserve fresh stool in preparation for staining the stool smears

A

Schaudinn’s solution

24
Q

Contains mercuric chloride (highly toxic to humans; problems of mercury disposal may arise)

A

Schaudinn’s solution

25
Q

The best option for permanent staining

A

mercuric chloride

26
Q

Not a fixative but an adhesive

A

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

27
Q

o Normally incorporated into the Schaudinn’s solution (actual fixation is done by the Schaudinn’s)

A

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

28
Q

A plastic resin which serves to adhere a stool sample onto a slide

A

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

29
Q

Combination of fixative and temporary stain

A

Merthiolate-Iodine-Formalin (IMF)

30
Q

Useful for the fixation of intestinal protozoans, helminth eggs, and larvae

A

Merthiolate-Iodine-Formalin (IMF)

31
Q

Has glacial acid that helps lyse the cells and albumin-glycerol which sticks the sample to the slide

A

Sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin (SAF)

32
Q

Has the advantage of not containing mercuric chloride

A

Sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin (SAF)

33
Q

not as sharp after staining compared to PVA or Schaudinn’s solution

A

Sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin (SAF)

34
Q

A liquid fixative with a long shelf-life

A

Sodium acetate-acetic acid formalin (SAF)

35
Q

What type of stool sample should be used for direct stool examination?

A

fresh sample

36
Q

What type of stool sample should be used for concentration methods?

A

Preserved and fresh sample

37
Q

What type of stool sample should be used for permanent smear?

A

preserved sample

38
Q

Possible observation of trophozoites motility

A

Fresh stool

39
Q

Can be used for direct wet exam, concentration methods, permanent staining, immunoassays, special staining, etc.

A

Fresh stool

40
Q

Presents good morphology of the organism as some preservative may alter the morphology of parasites

A

Fresh stool

41
Q

May have excessive lag time between stool fixation or processing

A

fresh stool

42
Q

Organism morphology is preserved when lag time between stool passage and fixation is short

A

preserved stool

43
Q

How much time is permitted to process a watery sample?

A

30-60 mins

44
Q

How much time is permitted to process a formed sample?

A

up to 24 hours

45
Q

What is predominant in formed sample?

A

Cysts

46
Q

What is predominant in watery sample?

A

trophozoites

47
Q

What consistency of stool samples has equal amounts of trophozoites and cysts?

A

soft & loose

Parasitology 1st Shifting (3 decks)

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