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Chem 118-01 > Chapter 1 - Atomic Theory > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Atomic Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter?

A

anything that has mass and occupies space (i.e. has volume)

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2
Q

WHat are atoms?

A

basic submicroscopic particles that constitute the fundamental building blocks of ordinary matter

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3
Q

What are molecules?

A

substances formed when 2 or more atoms come together (bond) in specific geometric arrangements

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4
Q

How many and what states does matter exist in?

A

3 - solid, liquid, and gas

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5
Q

If matter is made up of only one type of particle what is it?

A

a pure substance

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6
Q

If matter is made up of more than one type of particle what is it?

A

a mixture

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7
Q

If a pure substance can be separated into simpler substances what is it?

A

a compound

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8
Q

If a pure substance cannot be separated into simpler substances what is it?

A

an element

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9
Q

If a mixture is uniform throughout what is it?

A

Homogenous

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10
Q

If a mixture is not uniform throughout what is it?

A

Heterogenous

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11
Q

What does Homogenous mean?

A

two particles that thoroughly mix (like tea and sugar)

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12
Q

What does Heterogenous mean?

A

two types of particles that separate into distinct regions

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13
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

in a chemical reaction, matter is neither created or destroyed

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14
Q

What is the law of definite proportion?

A

all samples of a given compound, regardless of their source or how they were prepared, have the same proportions of their constituent elements

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15
Q

What is the law of multiple proportions?

A

when 2 elements (A and B) from 2 different compounds, the masses of Element B that combine with 1g of element A can be expressed as a ratio of small whole numbers

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16
Q

What is Dalton’s Atomic Theory? (4 points)

A

from the 1800s
each element is composed of tiny , indestructible particles called atoms
all atoms of a given element have the same mass and other properties that distinguish them from the atoms of other elements
Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds
Atoms as one element cannot change into atoms of another element

17
Q

What did J.J. Thompson do?

A

Cathode Ray experiment

18
Q

What is a Cathode ray?

A

a beam of small particles

19
Q

What are the 3 properties of cathode rays?

A

They travel in straight lines
They are independent of the material from which they originate
They carry a negative electrical charge

20
Q

What did the Cathode ray experiment discover?

A

Electron and oits charge to mass ratio (-1.76 x10^8 Coulombs (C) per gram)

21
Q

What did Millikan’s drop oil experiment discover?

A

Electron mass (0.109382 x10^-28g)

22
Q

What model did J.J. Thompson propose?

A

The plum pudding model - electrons held randomly within a positively charged sphere

23
Q

What happened to some of the rays in Ernest Rutherford’s Gold foil experiment?

A

some of the alpha radiation rays deflected

24
Q

What did these deflected rays suggest?

A

That there was a small region of very dense matter in the atom

25
Q

WHich atom model was suggested because of Ernest Rutherford’s experiment?

A

The Nuclear Atom Model

26
Q

What does the nuclear atom model contain?

A

a nucleus: a small core at the atom’s centre that contains most of the mass (all positive charge)
Electrons: dispersed throughout the empty space around the nucleus (negatively charged)
Charge Neutrality: the number of negatively charged electrons outside the nucleus is equal to the number of positive particles (protons) within the nucleus.

27
Q

What is Avagadro’s constant?

A

one mole contains 6.02214x10^23 particles

28
Q

What is an Isotope?

A

when the number of neutrons varies

29
Q

What is the mass number (isotopes)?

A

the number of protons + number of neutrons

30
Q

What is the atomic number (isotopes)?

A

the number of protons

31
Q

Can elements have a positive or negative charge?

A

yes, they are then called ions. they have lost or gained electrons

32
Q

How do you calculate atomic mass?

A

Sum of: (fraction of isotope n) * (mass of isotope n)

33
Q

How many particles does 1 mole contain?

A

6.02214 x 10^23

34
Q
A

Chem 118-01 (8 decks)

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