Exam 1 Study Guide - Chapter 5

Question 1

Definition of Culture

Answer 1

• design for living; it proves a set of norms and values that offer stability and security for members of a society

Question 2

T/F Race and ethnicity are interchangeable terms/

Answer 2

false

Question 3

Characteristic of culture:

Answer 3

• it is learned
• it is shared
• it is based on symbols
• it is integrated
• it is dynamic

Question 4

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 4

• bias that person’s own culture is best and others are wrong or inferior

Question 6

Common Native American and Eskimo Community Health problems:

Answer 6

• SIDS
• Diabetes
• TB
• Obesity
• Alcoholism

Question 7

Common Health Problems for the African American Community:

Answer 7

• cardiovascular disease
• stroke
• cancer
• diabetes
• malnutrition

Question 8

Common Health Problem for the Asian American Community:

Answer 8

• malnutrition
• TB
• mental health
• respiratory infections
• arthritis
• cardiovascular disease and stroke

Question 9

Common Health Problems for the Hispanic American Community:

Answer 9

• heart disease
• hypertension
• diabetes
• obesity
• asthma
• COPD
• suicide

Question 10

Common Health Problems for the Arab Community:

Answer 10

• tobacco use - oral cancer
• maternal-child health
• TB
• Malaria
• Poor nutritional practices - obesity

Question 11

T/F The first step that a nurse does when applying transcultural nursing principles is to cultivate cultural sensitivity.

Answer 11

false - develop cultural self-awareness first

Question 12

Which would characterize a culture?
A Inherited
B Static
C Individualized
D Tacit

Answer 12

D Tacit

Question 13

Define cultural diversity:

Answer 13

refers to the coexistence of a variety of cultural patterns within a geographic area. This diversity can occur both between and within countries and communities

Question 14

What is one major reason we need cultural diversity in the U.S.?

Answer 14

A major driver of cultural diversity in the United States has been immigration.

Question 15

define cultural sensitivity:

Answer 15

• requires recognizing that culturally based values, beliefs, and practices influence people’s health and lifestyles and need to be considered in plans for service
• It also first demands self-reflection about personally held stereotypes and biases, along with self-assessment of one’s own cultural influences

Question 16

define cultural assessment:

Answer 16

• the nurse obtains health-related information about the values, beliefs, and practices of a cultural group.

Question 17

define self-cultural assessment:

Answer 17

means recognizing the values, beliefs, and practices that make up one’s own culture and becoming sensitive to the impact of one’s culturally based responses.

Question 18

What are key characteristics of the Magicoreligious View?

Answer 18

• Diseases are thought to originate from intrusion of a malevolent spirit, punishment for the deeds of ancestors, and other indications that God, the gods, or other supernatural forces are in control.
• Health is seen as a spiritual gift or reward and illness as an opportunity to be resigned to God’s will
• Prayers for healing or well-being of self and others, participation in prayer groups, and requests for prayer are effective
• Death rituals connected with religious faith are designed to ease human departure from this life and help others cope with grief and loss
• Health and illness belong first to the community and then to the individual; communal activities are viewed as helpful
• Ceremonies, wearing special garments, and work with spiritual healers are important.

Question 19

What are some key characteristics of the Holistic view?

Answer 19

• Use of specific foods, beverages, and herbs to balance hot or cold disease states
• The Chinese concept of yin and yang, in which forces of nature are balanced
• Considering that infectious disease such as tuberculosis is not only caused by an organism but also by the environment, malnutrition, and poverty

Question 20

What are some key characteristics of the folk medicine view?

Answer 20

• Pregnant women not reaching above their head, as doing so will cause the umbilical cord to strangle the baby
• Taping coins over a newborn’s umbilical area to prevent hernias
• Giving catnip tea to infants because it soothes them
• Holding a baby upside down by the heels to “wake up the liver”
• Not letting a cat be near a sleeping baby, because it will “suck the life” out of the baby
• Using vinegar to relieve hypertension and skin irritations

Question 21

What are some key characteristic of the herbalism view?

Answer 21

• Clients may not consider the use of herbs to be a “medical treatment” and may not tell health care professionals about their use
• In an increasingly multicultural society, the source, form, and identity of many herbs, roots, barks, and liquid preparations are difficult for most C/PHNs to distinguish.

Medical Providers Should ask these safety question:
- Is the herb contraindicated with prescription medications the client is taking?
- Is the herb harmful? Does it have negative side effects? How often is it used?
- Is the client relying on the herb, without positive health changes, and neglecting to get effective treatment from a health care practitioner?

Question 22

When do you use an interpreter?

Answer 22

Whenever possible, use interpreters who are trained in culturally competent care, and if possible, avoid using family members or friends to interpret. Look directly at the client, not the interpreter, when speaking.