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Lin - XK0-005 > 1.1 Summarize Linux Fundamentals > Flashcards

1.1 Summarize Linux Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

/boot

A

stores boot loaders.

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2
Q

/proc

A

Stores system processes and resources.

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3
Q

/sys

A

System ( helps with interacting with Linux kernel; everything runs in RAM and deletes on shutdown).

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4
Q

/var

A

Stores files that grow in size like log files, databases for mail, etc.

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5
Q

/usr

A

User applications; non-essential user applications are stored here.

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6
Q

/lib

A

Libraries; files that binaries need to run certain application settings.

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7
Q

/dev

A

Devices; hardware, KBMs, harddrives.

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8
Q

/etc

A

Et cetera; all system-wide configuration files are here.

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9
Q

/opt

A

Optional; manually installed software from vendors and some repositories(like zeek or suricata).

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10
Q

/bin

A

Binaries; basic shell commands are stored here.

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11
Q

/sbin

A

System Binaries; Binaries that a system admin would use.

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12
Q

/home

A

All your personal files, documents, and downloads; user settings are also stored hidden files like .bashrc or .local.

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13
Q

/media

A

Flash Drives; removable devices and drives.

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14
Q

/mnt

A

mounted drives; permanent storage.

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15
Q

/root

A

Root user’s home folder.

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16
Q

/tmp

A

Stores system and user application data that is needed only temporarily.

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17
Q

mkinitrd command

A

generates RAM disk files, initrd.img and initramfs.img that the bootloader uses to load the system kernel.

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18
Q

grub2-install command

A

installs the grub2 configuration files to system.

19
Q

grub2-mkconfig command

A

generates a new grub.cfg config file that can be used to update existing grub.cfg file.

20
Q

grub2-update command

A

updates the grub2 configuration file.

21
Q

dracut command

A

predecessor of mkinitrd command. It will generate a generic initramfs image

22
Q

initrd.img

A

Archive file that contains all the essential files that are required for booting the OS.

23
Q

vmlinuz

A

The vmlinuz file is found in the boot directory and contains kernel code and data required to start and manage the system.

24
Q

GRUB2

A

Newer version of GRUB. It offers more control over the boot process, boot devices, and boot behavior.

The default bootloader today.

25
Q

Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE)

A

Allows the client to retrieve required boot loaders and system files from a server over the network.

26
Q

Kernel Panic

A

A critical error where the kernel has encountered an unrecoverable error. The system will halt and become unresponsive. This can happen because of bugs, hardware issues, bad drivers, filesystem corruption.

27
Q

Block devices

A

read/write in blocks of data (hard drives, SSDs).

28
Q

Character devices

A

Read/write in character streams of data (KBM, serial ports).

29
Q

/dev/null

A

A special type of virtual device that discards anything you send or redirect into it.

30
Q

/dev/zero

A

A special virtual device that returns a null character anytime you read from it.

Sends back the ASCII character of 0x00.

31
Q

/dev/urandom

A

A special virtual device that returns a randomized series of pseudorandom numbers.

32
Q

./configure script

A

It is a script that will compile a configuration for software based on your system.

33
Q

make command

A

Once you make a configuration file with the ./configure script, this command will actually build the software from that configuration file.

34
Q

make install command

A

After using the ./configure and make command to configure and build out the software, the make install command will install these binaries to their appropriate locations.

35
Q

file storage

A

Organizes data into files and directories.

36
Q

Block storage

A

Divides data into fixed-size blocks that are accessed by their unique addresses.

37
Q

Object storage

A

Treats data as objects with unique identifiers, metadata, and content.

38
Q

Master Boot Record(MBR)

A

The sector that the BIOS reads in and starts when the machine is first booted

39
Q

GUID Partition Table (GPT)

A

Partition structure with a more modern design and is part of the UEFI standard.

40
Q

Filesystem in Userspace(FUSE)

A

This lets non-privileged users create their own file systems without editing the underlying kernel code.

41
Q

lspsi command

A

Displays info about devices connected to the system’s PCI/PCIE buses.

42
Q

lsusb command

A

Used to list info about devices connected to usb.

-v flag —– device info
bus -s —— filter result
-d —- Vendor/product

43
Q

dmidecode command

A

Dumps the system’s Desktop Management Interface table and presents it in a readable format.

Lin - XK0-005 (22 decks)

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