Chapter 1

Question 1

clinical scientists

Answer 1

gather info to describe, predict, and explain their studies

Question 2

clinical practitioners

Answer 2

detect, access, and treat abnormal patterns

Question 3

what are the 4 d’s?

Answer 3

deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger

Question 4

who said that mental illness is a myth?

Answer 4

Thomas Szasz

Question 5

eccentricity

Answer 5

an unusual pattern that others have no right to interfere

Question 6

treatment/therapy

Answer 6

a procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into normal behavior

Question 7

Jerome Frank said that therapy has 3 features which are…

Answer 7

a sufferer, a trained healer, and a series of contacts

Question 8

trephination

Answer 8

an old operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut a hole in the skull

Question 9

Hippocrates believed that abnormal behavior was caused by…

Answer 9

internal physical problems

Question 10

excess of yellow bile

Answer 10

caused mania

Question 11

excess of black bile

Answer 11

cause melancholia

Question 12

tarantism

Answer 12

people would jump, dance, and convulse because they thought they were bitten by a spider

Question 13

lycanthropy

Answer 13

people thought they were possessed by wolves

Question 14

Johann Weyer

Answer 14

1st physician to specialize in mental illness

Question 15

founder of psychopathology

Answer 15

johann weyer

Question 16

Gheel

Answer 16

religious shrine which was the forerunner of community mental health programs

Question 17

Philippe Pinel and William Turke …

Answer 17

reformed their asylums

Question 18

Benjamin Rush

Answer 18

spread moral treatment in the US

Question 19

Dorothea Dix

Answer 19

made human care a public and political concern in the US

Question 20

somatogenic perspective

Answer 20

abnormal functioning has physical causes

Question 21

general paresis

Answer 21

developed through untreated syphilis, an irreversible disorder causing delusions and paralysis

Question 22

Richard Von Kraft-Ebing

Answer 22

proved that syphilis caused general paresis

Question 23

psychogenic perspective

Answer 23

Chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological

Question 24

hypnotism

Answer 24

was used to treat disorders, started by Fredrich Anton Mesmer

Question 25

psychoanalysis

Answer 25

theory/treatment of abnormal mental functioning where the patient will talk about their problems

Question 26

who created psychoanalysis

Answer 26

Sigmund Freud

Question 27

psychoanalysis is also known as…

Answer 27

outpatient therapy

Question 28

psychotropic medications

Answer 28

drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunction

Question 29

what are 3 psychotropic medications?

Answer 29

antidepressants, antianxiety, and antipsychotics

Question 30

antidepressants

Answer 30

lift the mood of depressed people

Question 31

antipsychotics

Answer 31

correct extremely confused and distorted thinking

Question 32

anti-anxiety

Answer 32

reduce tension and worry

Question 33

deinstitutionalization

Answer 33

thousands of patients were released from mental hospitals (starting in the 1960s)

Question 34

how many people in 1955 were confined in hospitals?

Answer 34

600,000 people

Question 35

private psychotherapy

Answer 35

a person directly pays a therapist for counseling services

Question 36

prevention

Answer 36

principle of mental health care: deterring mental disorders before they can develop

Question 37

positive psychology

Answer 37

The study of positive feelings, traits, and abilities

Question 38

multicultural psychology

Answer 38

the field that examines race, culture, ethnicity, and gender on behavior and thoughts and how these factors influence the origin, nature, and treatment and abnormal behavior

Question 39

managed care programs

Answer 39

the dominant form of insurance: Companies control the nature, scope, and cost of medical or psychological services

Question 40

therapists and clients dislike managed care programs because …

Answer 40

they shorten therapy, favor non-lasting treatment, and make it hard for those with severe disorders to get care

Question 41

parity law

Answer 41

made insurance companies provide equal coverage for mental and physical concerns

Question 42

what theoretical perspective dominated the psychology world in the 1950s?

Answer 42

psychoanalytic

Question 43

what are today’s theoretical perspectives?

Answer 43

biological, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic-existential, sociocultural, and developmental psychopathology