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NASM CPT Review > Assessments > Flashcards

Assessments Flashcards

1
Q

health risk assessment (HRA)

A

screening tool used to evaluate the benefits and risks associated with starting any type of exercise that is strenuous in nature

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2
Q

PAR-Q+

A

a detailed questionnaire designed to assess an individuals physical readiness to engage in structured exercise

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3
Q

the PAR-Q+ and preparation process reflects these health indicators:

A

-an individuals current level of physical activity

-presence of signs or symptoms and or known cardiovascular pulmonary, renal, or metabolic diseases

-desired exercise intensity (light, moderate, vigorous)

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4
Q

health history questionnaire (HHQ)

A

lists of questions that pertain to health history and habits, such as exercise history, eating behavior’s, and general lifestyle

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5
Q

rationale on assessment considerations

A
  1. relevance
  2. appropriateness
  3. validity

4.reliability

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6
Q

the physiological process by which the body maintains a relatively constant internal temperature

A

thermoregulation

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7
Q

a valid indicator of work intensity or stress, both at rest and during exercise

A

heart rate (HR)

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8
Q

what time of day is resting heart rate most accurately measured?

A

when an individual gets out of bed in the morning

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9
Q

where does NASM recommend fitness professionals to measure a clients RHR?

A

radial pulse

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10
Q

outward pressure exerted by blood on the arterial walls

A

blood pressure

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11
Q

blood pressure is measured within the ______ _________ while using the _______ ________ as the standard site of measurement

A

arterial system; brachial artery

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12
Q

why does NASM recommend fitness professionals measure resting heart rate at the radial pulse versus the carotid pulse?

A

the vagus nerve lies adjacent to the carotid artery, the pressure on this nerve can slow a clients heart rate response

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13
Q

anthropometry

A

field of study of the measurement of living humans for purposes of understanding physical variation in size, weight, and proportion

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14
Q

circumference measurement

A

determines the overall dimension (girth) of a body segment, which can be used to estimate body composition or prevalence of obesity

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15
Q

what BMI range has the lowest risk for disease?

A

22 to 24.9

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16
Q

individuals with a android or apple-shaped

A

more fat within the abdominal region of the body, which is associated with elevated heath risks

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17
Q

individuals with a gynoid or pear-shaped

A

more fat within the hips and highs, which may be associated with lower health risk when compared to an android shape

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18
Q

most commonly measured circumference measure

A

waist measurement

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19
Q

men with a waist circumference greater than or equal to 100 cm (~40in)

A

higher risk for developing health issues (cardiovascular disease or diabetes)

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20
Q

Women with a waist circumference greater than or equal to 88cm (~35in)

A

higher risk for developing health issues like diabetes and cardiovascular disease

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21
Q

equation for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)

A

waist measurement/hip measurement

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22
Q

waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)

A

the relative score expressing the ratio of the waist circumference to the hip circumference, which correlates to the risk for developing cardiovascular disease

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23
Q

gluteal fold

A

the area where the fold of the buttocks joins the back of the thigh

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24
Q

skinfold measurement

A

technique used to estimate body fat in which calipers are used to pinch the skin in certain areas of the body

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25
Q

standardized skinfold sites of measurement

A

-triceps
-biceps
-chest
-abdomen
-mid-axillary
-subscapular
-suprailiac
-thigh

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26
Q

Jackson and pollock 7-site protocol

A

measures the thickness of skinfolds at seven different places within the body to estimate body fat percentage.

Women: chest, mid-axillary, subscapular, triceps, abdomen, suprailiac, thigh

men: chest, mid-axillary, subscapular, triceps, abdomen, suprailiac, thigh

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27
Q

Jackson and pollock three-site protocol

A

measures the thickness of skinfolds at three different places within the body to estimate body fat percentage

women: chest, abdomen, thigh

men: triceps, suprailiac, thigh

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28
Q

Four-site Durnin-Womersley protocol

A

measures the thickness of skinfolds at four different places (biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac) within the body to estimate body fat percentage

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29
Q

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)

A

a body composition assessment technique that estimates the body fat percentage by measuring the resistance to the flow of electrical currents introduced into the body

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30
Q

Hydrostatic underwater weighing

A

most common technique used in exercise physiology labs to determine body composition

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31
Q

Archimedes’ principle

A

the assumption stating that the volume of fluids displaced is equivalent to the volume of an object fully immersed in the fluid or to the specific fraction of the volume below the surface

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32
Q

cardiorespiratory fitness

A

protocols intended to measure the aerobic fitness of an individual

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33
Q

the most valid measurement of aerobic fitness

A

VO2max test

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34
Q

VO2

A

oxygen consumption

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35
Q

YMCA 3-minute step test

A

an aerobic test that measures the cardiovascular fitness of an individual based on a 3-minute bout of stair-stepping at a specific cadence

36
Q

the Rockport walk test

A

1-mile walking test that predicts maximal oxygen consumption from either a timed performance or heart rate response (for people 30+ years old)

37
Q

1.5-mile run test

A

cardiorespiratory assessment that can be used to measure a clients aerobic endurance (for people 20+ years old)

38
Q

VT2 Talk Test

A

measures the level at which the body can work at its highest sustainable stead-state intensity for more than a few minutes

39
Q

what test uses recovery heart rate rather than exercising heart rate to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness levels/

A

YMCA 3-min step test

40
Q

static posture

A

positioning of the musculoskeletal system while the body is motionless

41
Q

dynamic posture

A

alignment of the body while in motion

42
Q

optimal movement

A

moving in a biomechanically efficient manner that maximizes muscle recruitment and minimizes risk of injury

43
Q

movement impairments

A

abnormal movement patterns that can indicate possible muscle imbalances or mobility limitations

44
Q

movement assessment

A

an assessment of a clients movement patterns and postural alignment during movement or activity

45
Q

performance assessment

A

assessments used to measure overall strength, muscular endurance, power, and agility

46
Q

pes planus

A

collapsed arch of the foot, also known as flat feet

47
Q

static postural assessment

A

-begins at the feet and travel upwards towards the head

-anterior, lateral, and posterior views

48
Q

kinetic chain checkpoints

A
  1. feet and ankles
  2. knees
  3. lumbo-pelvic-hip complex
  4. shoulders
  5. head and neck
49
Q

pes planus distortion syndrome

A

flat feet, knee valgus, and adducted and internally rotated hips

50
Q

lower crossed syndrome

A

anterior pelvic tilt and excess lordosis (extension) of the lumbar spine

51
Q

upper crossed syndrome

A

forward head and protracted (rounded) shoulders

52
Q

overhead squat assessment (OHSA)

A

-designed to assess dynamic posture, core stability, and neuromuscular control of the whole body during squatting motion

53
Q

During OHSA anterior viewpoint, the foot and ankle seems to be turned out.

What are the possible muscle imbalances (overactive and Underactive) ?

A

overactive:
- gastrocnemius/soleus (calves)
-hamstring complex

underactive:
-anterior and posterior tibialis(shin muscles)
-gluteus maximus and medius

54
Q

During OHSA anterior viewpoint, you see valgus (caves in).

What are the possible muscle imbalances? (overactive and underactive)

A

overactive:
- tensor fascia latae (TFL) (muscle near front of hip)
- adductor complex (inner thigh muscles)

underactive
- gluteus maximus and Medius
- anterior and posterior tibialis

55
Q

During OSHA lateral viewpoint, you notice low-back arches.

What are the possible muscle imbalances (overactive and underactive)?

A

overactive:
- hip flexors (rectus femoris, psoas, TFL)
- lumbar extensors (low-back muscles)
- latissimus dorsi (large back muscle)

underactive:
- gluteus maximus
- hamstrings complex
- abdominals

56
Q

During OHSA lateral viewpoint, you notice an excessive forward trunk lean.

What are the possible muscular imbalances? (overactive and underactive)

A

overactive:
- hip flexors
- gastrocnemius/soleus
- rectus abdominis and external obliques (superficial abdominal muscles)

underactive:
- gluteus maximus
- hamstrings complex
- lumbar extensors

57
Q

During OHSA lateral viewpoint, you notice arms fall forward.

What are the possible muscular imbalances? (overactive and underactive)

A

overactive:
- latissimus dorsi
- pectoralis major and minor (chest muscles)
- teres major (posterior shoulder muscle)

underactive:
- middle and lower trapezius (mid-back muscle)
- rhomboids (muscles near shoulder blades)
- posterior deltoids (back of shoulder muscles)
- portions of the rotator cuff (small muscles that stabilize the shoulder)

58
Q

single-leg squat assessment

A

evaluates dynamic posture, lower extremity strength, balance, and overall coordination in single-limb stance

59
Q

During single-leg squat assessment anterior viewpoint, you notice valgus (caves inward).

What are the possible muscle imbalances? (overactive and underactive muscles)

A

overactive:
- tensor fascia latae (TFL)
- adductor complex

underactive:
- gluteus maximus and medius
- anterior and posterior tibialis

60
Q

pushing assessment

A
  • challenges the upper extremities and trunk during a pushing movement

-evaluates scapular and shoulder mechanics and stability of the LPHC, cervical spine and head

61
Q

During the pushing assessment in lateral view, you notice low-back arches.

What are the possible muscle imbalances? (overactive and underactive)

A

overactive:
- hip flexors (rectus femoris, psoas, TFL)
- lumbar extensors

underactive:
- gluteus maximus
-hamstring complex
-abdominals

62
Q

During pushing assessment in lateral view, you notice scapular elevation.

What are the possible muscle imbalances? (overactive and underactive)

A

overactive:
- levator scapulae
-upper trapezius

underative:
- lower trapezius

63
Q

During pushing assessment in lateral view, you notice head juts forward.

What is the possible muscular imbalance? (overactive and underactive)

A

overactive:
- levator scapulae
- sternocleidomastoid

underactive:
- deep cervical flexors

64
Q

pulling assessment

A

-challenges the upper extremities and trunk during pulling movement

-evaluates upper extremity strength, stability of LPHC, cervical spine and head, and balance

65
Q

During pulling assessment in lateral view, you notice low-back arches.

What are the possible muscle imbalances? (overactive and underactive)

A

overactive:
- hip flexors (rectus femoris, psoas, TFL)
- lumbar extensors

underactive:
- gluteus maximus
- hamstrings complex
-abdominals

66
Q

During pulling assessment lateral view, you notice scapular elevation.

What are the possible muscular imbalances? (overactive and underactive)

A

overactive:
- levator scapula
-upper trapezius

underactive:
- lower trapezius

67
Q

During pulling assessment lateral view, you notice head juts forward.

What are the possible muscular imbalances? (overactive and underactive)

A

overactive:
- levator scapulae
-sternocleidomastoid

underactive:
-deep cervical flexors

68
Q

performance assessments

A

used for clients looking to assess and improve athletic performance or specific fitness measures or those looking to improve their strength.

69
Q

push-up test

A

measures muscular endurance of the upper extremities during a pushing movement

goal: complete as many repetitions as possible with food form

70
Q

bench press strength assessment

A

designed to assess maximal strength and estimate the one-rep max for the bench press exercise

test is considered an advanced assessment for strength-specific goals

71
Q

squat strength assessment

A

designed to estimate maximal strength and the one-rep max for squat exercise

advanced assessment for strength-specific goals

72
Q

vertical jump assessment

A

designed to test maximal jump height and lower-extremity power.

for clients with athletic goals and seeking to assess lower-body power

73
Q

long jump assessment

A

broad jump tests maximal jump distance and lower-extremity horizontal power

for clients with athletic goals and seeking to assess lower-body power

74
Q

lower extremity functional test

A

tests lateral speed and agility

advanced assessment for speed and performance-specific goals

75
Q

40-yard dash assessment

A

test reaction capabilities, acceleration, and maximal sprinting speed (advanced assessment)

76
Q

pro shuttle assessment

A

assess acceleration, deceleration, agility, and control

77
Q

what does the push-up test measure?

A

muscular endurance of the upper extremities during a pushing movement

78
Q

sequencing of assessments:

A
  1. preparticipation health screening
  2. physiological assessments
  3. body composition assessments
  4. postural and movement assessments
  5. cardio assessments
  6. performance assessments
79
Q

what positions should be avoided for prenatal clients during second and third trimesters

A

prone and supine

80
Q

which muscles are typically underactive in association with lower crossed syndrome?

A

abdominals

81
Q

which muscles would be considered overactive, leading to arms falling forward during overhead squat assessment

A

latissimus dorsi

82
Q

which muscles are typically overactive in association with upper crossed syndrome?

A

upper trapezius

83
Q

which postural distortion is characterized by flat feet, knee valgus, and adducted and internally rotated hips

A

Pes planus distortion syndrome

84
Q

which movement assessment is a good assessment of a clients balance during movement?

A

single-leg squat

85
Q

which muscles are typically underactive with knee valgus during the single-leg squat?

A

gluteus maximus and medius

NASM CPT Review (6 decks)

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