Exam 1: Chapter 34 - Inflammatory Disorders

Question 1

What are the four main inflammatory disorders related to the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

pericarditis
myocarditis
rheumatic endocarditis
infective endocarditis

Question 2

What is health promotion and disease prevention for inflammatory disorders of the heart?

Answer 2

• treat step infections early to prevent rheumatic fever
• prophylactic treatments can prevent infective endocarditis, including antibiotics for clients, who have cardiac defects
• Receive flu and pneumonia immunizations especially for older adults to prevent myocarditis

Question 3

What are risk factors for inflammatory disorders of the heart?

Answer 3

• congenital heart defects/cardiac abnormalities
• Intravenous substance use
• Heart valve replacement
• Immunosuppression
• Rheumatic, fever, and other infections
• School-aged children who have a long duration of strep infection
• Malnutrition
• Overcrowding
• Lower socioeconomic status

Question 4

define pericarditis

Answer 4

Inflammation of the pericardium

Question 5

Define myocarditis

Answer 5

Inflammation of the myocardium

Question 6

define rheumatic endocarditis

Answer 6

An infection of the endocardium

Question 7

Define infective endocarditis

Answer 7

Infection of the endocardium due to staphylococcal fungi or other infectious organisms

Question 8

what are expected findings of pericarditis?

Answer 8

• Commonly follows a respiratory infection
• Can be due to an MI
• Can be due to a cute exacerbation of a systemic connective tissue disease

Question 9

What are physical expected findings of pericarditis?

Answer 9

• chest pressure/pain aggravated by breathing, mainly on inspiration, coughing, and swallowing
• Pericardial friction rub auscultated at left lower sternal border
• Shortness of breath
• Relief of pain when sitting and leaning forward

Question 10

what are expected findings of myocarditis?

Answer 10

Can be due to a viral, fungal, or a bacterial infection, or a systemic, inflammatory disease (Crohn’s disease)

Question 11

What are physical expected findings of myocarditis?

Answer 11

• tachycardia
• Murmur
• Friction rub auscultated in the lungs
• Cardiomegaly
• Chest pain
• Dysrhythmias

Question 12

What are expected findings of rheumatic endocarditis?

Answer 12

Preceded by group, a beta hemolytic, streptococcus pharyngitis and produces lesions in the heart

Question 13

what are physical expected Findings of rheumatic endocarditis

Answer 13

• fever
• Chest pain
• Joint pain
• Tachycardia
• Shortness of breath
• Rash on trunk and extremities
• Friction rub
• Murmur
• Muscle spasms

Question 14

What are expected findings of infective endocarditis?

Answer 14

most common clients, who have structural cardiac malformation, cardiac devices, like pacemaker, prosthetic, heart valves, or IV substance use disorder. Invasive procedures (dental procedures, body piercing, tattooing) can cause bacteremia, which can lead to infective endocarditis in at risk clients

Question 15

What are physical expected? Findings of infective endocarditis?

Answer 15

• fever
• Flu like manifestations
• Murmur
• Petechia on the trunk and mucous membranes
• positive blood cultures
• Splinter hemorrhages (red streaks under the nail beds)

Question 16

What laboratory test can detect, inflammatory disorders of the heart?

Answer 16

• blood cultures: bacterial infection
• Elevated white blood cell count: bacterial infection
• Cardiac enzymes: pericarditis
• Elevated ESR and CRP: inflammation in the body
• Throat cultures: strep infection, which can lead to rheumatic fever

Question 17

why is an electro cardiography used to diagnose certain inflammatory disorders of the heart?

Answer 17

• it can detect a heart block which is associated with rheumatic fever
• demonstrate ST segment elevation: pericarditis

Question 18

What inflammatory disorder of the heart is characterized by a ST segment elevation?

Answer 18

pericarditis

Question 19

why is an echocardiography used to diagnose certain inflammatory disorders of the heart?

Answer 19

it can revel inflamed heart layers or pericardial effusion

Question 20

What are nursing interventions for patients with possible inflammatory disorders

Answer 20

• auscultate heart sounds(listen for murmur or friction rub)
• Review ABGs, O2 sats and chest x-ray results
• Administer oxygen
  -Monitor, vital signs and watch for fever
• Moderate ECG and notify provider changes
• Monster for cardiac tamponade in heart failure
• Obtain for a cultures and identify bacterial be treated by antibiotics therapy
• Administer antibiotics, antipyretics
• Assess onset, quality duration, and severity of pain
• encourage bedrest

Question 21

what should you monitor for when administering an anti-fungal medication (amphotericin) to a client with inflammatory heart disorder?

Answer 21

Liver and kidney function levels. This medication can cause G.I. distress.

Question 22

what is the therapeutic procedures for peri carditis?

Answer 22

Pericardiocentesis

Question 23

what is a pericardiocentesis?

Answer 23

The insertion of a needle into the pericardium to aspirate pericardial fluid. This can be done in the emergency department or in a procedure room.

Question 24

what is the therapeutic procedure for infective endocarditis

Answer 24

Valve debridement, draining of abscess, and repairing congenital shunts

Question 25

What is the main complication of inflammatory disorders of the heart?

Answer 25

cardiac tamponade, which is considered a medical emergency, and results from the fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac

Question 26

What are manifestations of a cardiac tamponade?

Answer 26

Dyspnea
dizziness,
report of tightness in the chest
increasing restlessness,
pulsus paradoxus
tachycardia,
mild heart sounds
jugular venous distention

Question 27

What are the nursing actions for a client with cardiac tamponade?

Answer 27

-Notify the provider immediately
- Administer IV fluids to combat hypotension
- Obtain a chest x-ray, or echocardiogram to confirm the diagnosis
- Prepare the client for pericardiocentesis