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nutrition for physically active > quiz 2 > Flashcards

quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

sarcolemma

A

muscle cell membrane (surrounds myofibrils)

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2
Q

sarcoplasm

A

cytoplasm of a cell
-glycogen storage, myoglobin, mitochondria

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3
Q

tranverse tubules

A

carry action potential deep into muscle fiber

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4
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

calcium storage

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5
Q

myofibrils

A

functional contractile units of skeletal muscle
-constructed of many sarcomeres

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6
Q

sarcomeres

A

basic contractile element of skeletal muscle -smallest unit within the muscle
-run end to end for full myofibril length

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7
Q

actin

A

thin myofilaments

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8
Q

3 proteins make up thin filaments

A
  1. actin
  2. troponin
  3. tropmyosin
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9
Q

troponin

A

binds to calcium released from SR
moves tropomyosin exposing myosin binding sites

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10
Q

tropomyosin

A

covers myosin binding site on actin enabling muscle to relax when no SR CA2
-covers myosin binding site when calcium is within SR

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11
Q

myosin

A

thick filamentt
-heads contain actin binding sites
-use atp to “ratchet”
-have ATPASE enzyme

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12
Q

myosin is stabilized by

A

titin

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12
Q

how does the muscle shorten

A

overlap is changing because of ratcheting
-z disc gets closer

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13
Q

titin

A

stabilizes myosin and anchors myosin to Z line

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14
Q

voluntary muscle contraction starts in ____ and requires

A

brain
-requires nervous system
-muscle cells
- interdependence

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15
Q

motor unit

A

single alpha motor neuron and all the fibers it innervates
-more operating motor units = greater contractile force

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16
Q

site of communication between neuron and muscle
and consists of synapse between a motor neuron and muscle fiber

A

NMJ

17
Q

excitation coupling step 1

A

action potential starts in brain and moves along spinal cord

18
Q

which 2 pumps require ATP

A

NA - K pump and CA pump

19
Q

excitation coupling step 2

A

Ap travels along a single motor neuron towards NMJ

20
Q

excitation coupling step 3

A

AP arrives at NMJ causes release of acetylcholine

21
Q

excitation coupling step 4

A

ACH crosses synapse, binds to ACH receptors on plasemalemma

22
Q

excitation coupling step 5

A

AP travels down sarcolemma and into t-tubules as they appear

23
Q

excitation coupling step 6

A

AP inside t-tubules, triggers CA release from Sarcoplasmic reticulum
- then goes to bind to troponin

24
Q

excitation coupling step 7

A

released CA enables actin - myosin contraction
-CA binds to troponin that causes tropomyosin to uncover myosin binding sites
-myosin binds to newly uncovered binding sites on actin and ratchets

25
Q

cross-bridge cycling (actin myosin contraction) step 1

A

myosin heads are energized but muscle is relaxed
- myosin atpase has created energy

26
Q

cross-bridge cycling (actin myosin contraction) step 2

A

cross bridge froms upon binding site uncovering

27
Q

cross-bridge cycling (actin myosin contraction) step 3

A

myosin head ratchets using the energy described above

28
Q

cross-bridge cycling (actin myosin contraction) step 4

A

myosin head binds new ATP causes release of Actin

29
Q

cross-bridge cycling (actin myosin contraction) step 5

A

myosin atpase breaks atp down energizing myosin head

30
Q

cross-bridge cycling (actin myosin contraction) step 6

A

If CA Is still present the myosin head binds to another actin site further down to increase shortening

31
Q

is their calcium in a relaxed muscle

A

no

32
Q

tropomyosin is covering binding sites when muscle is __

A

relaxed

33
Q

what causes SR to release CA into sarcoplasm

A

AP

34
Q

type 1 muscles

A

slow twich
-oxidative
-fatigue resistant
-more mito - krebs and ETC
-slower ATP ase
-less developed SR
-slower speed of contraction

35
Q

type 2 muscles

A

white, fast twitch
-fast glycolitic
-more glycolitic enzymes
-fewer mito
-faster ATP generation
-higher phosphocreatine and creatine kinase
-more developed SR

36
Q

which type has higher oxidative capacity

A

type 1

37
Q

what fuel is best for type 1

A

fat

38
Q

what fuel is best for type 2

A

glucose

39
Q

fuel mix

A
  1. motor recruitment
  2. stress hormone
  3. CHO availability

nutrition for physically active (14 decks)

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