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BDS4-oral Surgery > microbiology > Flashcards

microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What colour is gram positive

A

purple

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2
Q

what colour is gram negative

A

red/orange

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3
Q

What is the name of round shape bacteria

A

cocci

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4
Q

What is S.Anginosus

A

gram positive bacteria that reside in the human oral cavity, cocci shaped

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5
Q

What is Veillonella species

A

Gram negative bacteria, cocci shaped

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6
Q

What is Actinomyces israelii

A

gram positive bacilli bacteria that cause chronic inf

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7
Q

Whta is Preevotella intermedia

A

Gram negative bacilli bacteria

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8
Q

What does capnophilic mean

A

Needs CO2 to survive

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9
Q

What is meant by faculative

A

Can survive with and without O2

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10
Q

What does Metronidazole work on

A

Strict anaerobes

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11
Q

wHAT ARE THE 2 FORMS OF RESISTANCE

A

INTRINSIC AND ACQUIRED

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12
Q

What is intrinsic resistance

A

when a bacterial species is naturally resistant to a certain antibiotic or family of antibiotics, without the need for mutation or gain of further genes

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13
Q

What is acquired resistance

A

resistance gained from mutation or acquisition of new DNA

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14
Q

What are some mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

A

Altered target site

Enzymatic inactivation (enzyme destroys antibiotic)

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15
Q

What is beta lactamase

A

Group of resistance mechanisms in bacteria

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16
Q

What does endogenous inf mean

A

inf derived from our own flora

17
Q

What is often a mixed infection

A

dental abscess

18
Q

What bacteria is involved in a perio abscess

A

Anaerobic streptococci
Prevotella intermedia

19
Q

What is involved in pericoronitis

A

Predominantly mixed oral anaerobes, e.g, P. intermedia

S. anginosus group

20
Q

Osteomyelitis of the jaws can be predisposed by what

A

Biphosphonate therapy (BRONJ/MRONJ)

Impaired vascularity of bone (radiotherapy, Pagets disease)

Foreign bodies (implants)

Compound fractures

Impaired host defences (diabetes)

21
Q

What is involved in osteomyelitis

A

Anaerobic Gram negative rods
Anaerobic streptococci
Streptococcus anginosus
Staphylococcus aureus

22
Q

What is ludwigs angina and SOI

A

Bilateral infection of Submandibular space

Most common bacteria:
-Anaerobic Gram negative bacilli
-Streptococcus anginosus
-Anaerobic streptococci

23
Q

What is sepsis

A

Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection

24
Q

What is SIRS

A

Systemic Inflammatory Response syndrome, an exaggerated defense response of the body

  1. Temp <36 or 38C
  2. Pulse >90/min
  3. Resp rate >20/min
  4. WCC <4 or >12
25
Q

What does S, I & R mean for a choice of antibiotic

A

S = Susceptible at standard dosing regime
I = Susceptible but need Increased exposure (increased dose)
R = High likelihood of therapeutic failure even when there is increase exposure

26
Q

What is meant by the breakpoint

A

Abreakpoint= chosen concentration (mg/L) of anantibioticwhich defines whether a species of bacteria is susceptible or resistant to theantibiotic

27
Q

What is meant by clinical resistance

A

When infection is highly unlikely to respond even to maximum doses of antibiotic

28
Q

What are confounding variables of resistance

A

Laboratory:
Inoculum size
Planktonic phase
Biofilm

Clinical:
Pus collections
Forgein bodies
Site of infection
biofilm

29
Q

What does antimicrobial stewardship mean

A

an organizational or healthcare-system-wide approach to promoting and monitoring judicious use of antimicrobials to preserve their future effectiveness

30
Q

What is Pen V good against

A

most active against oral streptococci,anaerobes & selected Gram-negative cocci

31
Q

What is a bioflim and what does it make it resistant against

A

an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other on a surface

These adherent cells are embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) – DNA, proteins, polysacharyde.

Resistance to antibiotics, antibacterial agents, hidden from immune system of the host.

BDS4-oral Surgery (13 decks)

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