Chapter 19 Carotid Duplex/Color Flow Imaging

Question 1

Spectral analysis utilizes what method

Answer 1

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

Question 2

Individual frequencies/velocities displayed with time on what axis

Answer 2

Horizontal

Question 3

Various frequency shifts/velocities are displayed on what axis

Answer 3

Vertical

Question 4

What physical principle has 2 piezo electric crystals and has no range resolution and is a fixed sample size

Answer 4

Continuous wave Doppler

Question 5

What physical principe has 1 crystal sending and receiving ultrasound, has range resolution, is a variable sample size and has a well defined spectrum

Answer 5

Pulsed Doppler

Question 6

In b-mode an absence of wall irregularities or soft tissue abnormalities is considered

A) normal vessel
B) abnormal vessel

Answer 6

A) normal vessel

Question 7

_______ and _______ are low level exhorts of similar appearance
example is fatty streaks found in persons of all ages

Answer 7

Hypoechoic and homogenous

Question 8

_________ low to medium level echoes of similar appearance
Example fibrous soft plaque

Answer 8

Homogenous

Question 9

________ and _________ all levels of echoes (soft and dense areas)
Example complex plaque or intraplaque hemorrhage

Answer 9

Echogenic and heterogenous

Question 10

_________ very bright/reflective echoes

Answer 10

Hyperechoic

Question 11

A surface characteristic that is smooth, slightly irregular, or grossly irregular is considered
A) normal vessel
B) abnormal vessel

Answer 11

B) abnormal vessel

Question 12

What vessel is more high pitched and continuous. The waveform has rapid upstroke and down stroke with a high diastolic component

Answer 12

ICA

Question 13

What vessel has a signal that’s more pulsatile and is very similar to peripheral vessels. Has a rapid upstroke and down stroke with low flow in diastole

Answer 13

ECA

Question 14

This vessel has flow characteristics of both ICA and ECA

Answer 14

CCA

Question 15

A ________ is characterized by higher pitched sound and waveforms with higher amplify and spectral broadening is evident

Answer 15

Stenosis

Question 16

_________ to a stenosis flow patterns are disturbed then can become dampened and monophasic/continuous

Answer 16

Distal

Question 17

Consider disease at the ________ ________ when high resistant flow patterns are evident in ICA

Answer 17

Carotid siphon

Question 18

Diminished CCA velocities bilaterally may indicate poor _______ _________ or ________ _______

Answer 18

Cardiac output or stroke volume

Question 19

Diminished velocities unilaterally suggest ________ disease

Answer 19

Proximal

Question 20

What is another term for tight stenosis

Answer 20

String sign

Question 21

Name 5 methods of increasing PRF/Nyquist limit

Answer 21

1) decrease baseline; increase Doppler scale
2) change transducer frequency
3) alter angle of insonation
4) decrease depth
5) use continuous-wave Doppler

Question 22

Name the 2 reasoning why mirror imaging happens

Answer 22

1) artifact from strong reflectors
2) too much gain

Question 23

______ flow occurs when flow moves into a wider portion of the vessel

Answer 23

Helical