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Excretory and Digestive Systems > 10.7 The GI Accessory Organs > Flashcards

10.7 The GI Accessory Organs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the GI accessory organs?

A

pancreas
liver
gallbladder
salivary glands

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2
Q

What is the function of pancreatic amylase?

A

hydrolyze polysaccharides to disaccharides

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3
Q

What is the function of pancreatic lipase?

A

hydrolyze triglycerides at the surface of a micelle

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4
Q

What is the function of pancreatic nucleases?

A

hydrolyze dietary DNA and RNA

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5
Q

What is the function of pancreatic proteases?

A

hydrolyze polypeptides to di- and tripeptides

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6
Q

What are the two hormones that help control pancreatic secretion?

A

CCK
secretin

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7
Q

What is the function of CCK?

A

causes the pancreas to secrete enzymesW

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8
Q

What is the function of secretin?

A

causes the pancreas to secrete water and bicarbonate

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9
Q

What increases pancreatic secretion? What decreases pancreatic secretion?

A

increases = parasympathetic innervation
decreases = sympathetic activation

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10
Q

What are the islets of Langerhans?

A

small regions in the pancreas that make up the endocrine pancreas

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11
Q

What are the three types of cells found in the islets of Langerhans?

A

alpha
beta
delta

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12
Q

What is the function of alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans?

A

secrete glucagon in response to low blood sugar

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13
Q

What is the purpose of glucagon?

A

stimulates the liver to hydrolyze glycogen and release glucose into bloodstream

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14
Q

What is the function of beta cells in the islets of Langerhans?

A

secrete insulin in response to elevated blood sugar

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15
Q

What is the purpose of insulin?

A

stimulates the removal of glucose from the blood for storage as glycogen and fat

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16
Q

What is the purpose of delta cells in the islets of Langerhans?

A

secrete somatostatin which inhibits many digestive processes

17
Q

What three hormones are able to raise blood glucose levels?

A

glucagon
epinephrine
cortisol

18
Q

What is the excretory activity of the liver?

A

secrete bile

19
Q

What are the principal ingredients in bile?

A

bile acids
cholesterol
bilirubin

20
Q

What is the purpose of bile?

A

emulsifies fat particles in the duodenum creating micelles

Excretory and Digestive Systems (14 decks)

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