Life Span

Question 1

Erikson’s 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development

for each stage:
-what is the stage called?
-when does it happen?
-wheat is the main “psychological challenge” of that stage?

Answer 1

1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth - 18 months)
   -establish bond with trusted caregiver
2. Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt (18 months- 3 yrs)
   -develop a healthy sense of self-sufficiency
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3- 5yrs)
   -initiate activities in meaningful way
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6- 11yrs)
   -learn to be competent and effective at the activities valued by adults in their culture
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (11-21 yrs)
   -develop a clear sense of who you are and how you fit into the world
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (21 - 40 ys)
   -Erikson: creating an enduring, committed, intimate relationship
   -Arnett: argues that the focus on love is a component of emerging adulthood, but not the entire thing
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (40- 65 yrs)
   -attempting to guide and establish the next generation
   -not only having and caring for children, but also serving as a consultant, guide, mentor, teacher, coach, etc…
8. Integrity vs. Despair (over 65 yrs)
   -acceptance of one’s one and only life cycle as something that had to be and that permits no substitution

Question 2

Physiological Needs/ what level

Answer 2

those relating to the basic biological necessities of life: food, drink, rest and shelter

the first (lowest) level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Question 3

Safety Needs

Answer 3

Safety and Security. protection, stability, pain avoidance, routine/order

Question 4

Social Needs

Answer 4

needs are for giving and receving of affection, companionship, satisfactory interpersonal relationships, and identification with a group

Question 5

Esteem Needs

Answer 5

Maslow’s 4th priority. Title, status, prestige, recognition, power

Question 6

Social Needs (which level)

Answer 6

Maslow’s 3rd priority/ belongingness and love

Question 7

Self-actualization

Answer 7

according to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential

Question 8

Self-actualization ( where on maslow hierarchy)

Answer 8

Top of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 9

Which of the following factors are offered as explanations for higher rates of depression in adolescent girls than boys?

Negative body image

Tendency to not express emotions

Tendency to ruminate on problems

Failure at sports

Societal discrimination

Answer 9

Negative body image

Tendency to ruminate on problems

Societal discrimination

Question 10

menarche

Answer 10

the first occurrence of menstruation.

Question 11

What type of advanced thinking develops during young adulthood?

a. post-formal operations
b. future thinking
c. rational thinking
d.formal operations

Answer 11

a. post formal
(young adult is able to accept contradictions and fine points in thinking)