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Physiology > ANS Physiology > Flashcards

ANS Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

Primary neurotransmitter of parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Acetylcholine

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1
Q

Primary neurotransmitter of sympathetic nervous system?

A

Epinephrine

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2
Q

CV conditions that can result from unregulated increase in sympathetic nervous system

A 
Diastolic dysfunction
Tachycardia
Tachyarrhythmias
Ischemia
Myocardial stunning
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3
Q

Pulmonary conditions that can result from unregulated increase in sympathetic nervous system

A

Pulmonary edema

Pulmonary HTN

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4
Q

Hematologic conditions that can result from unregulated increase in sympathetic nervous system

A

Hyper coagulation
Anemia
Bone marrow suppression

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5
Q

endocrinological conditions that can result from unregulated increase in sympathetic nervous system

A

Decreased thyroid function
Decreased growth hormone
Glucose intolerance

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6
Q

Gastrointestinal conditions that can result from unregulated increase in sympathetic nervous system

A

Hypo-perfusion
Ulceration
Decreased peristalsis

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7
Q

Immunological conditions that can result from unregulated increase in sympathetic nervous system

A

Immune suppression

Hi catecholamine levels can stimulate bacterial growth

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8
Q

metabolic conditions that can result from unregulated increase in sympathetic nervous system

A

Increased cellular metabolism
Hyperglycemia (body’s response to stressful situations is to bring in more glucose)
Catabolism (not enough glucose around, body begins breaking down tissues to find glucose)
Lipolysis (breakdown of fat for energy)
Electrolyte fluxes (caused from increased metabolic activity)

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9
Q

Muscular conditions that can result from unregulated increase in sympathetic nervous system

A

Cell death - some cells will not regrow
Muscular wasting, weakness
Apoptosis

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10
Q

Name two catecholamines

A

Epi and norepinephrine

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11
Q

Parasympathetic and sympathetic originate from which sections of the spinal cord?

A

Parasympathetic - cervical and sacral

Sympathetic - T1 to L2

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12
Q

Which branch has ganglia nearer their organs?

A

Parasympathetic

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13
Q

Neurotransmitters used by each branch of ANS and where they are used?

A

Parasympathetic - ACh used by pre- and post ganglionic nerves to effector organs.
Sympathetic - ACh used by pre-ganglionic nerves. Adrenal medulla may release epi or norepinephrine onto effector organs, post ganglionic nerve may release epi or norepinephrine to effector organs.

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14
Q

Location of alpha and beta receptors?

A

Alpha - eyes and most bv’s

Beta - most other organs such as heart, digestive etc + fat cells and BV’s to Heart and Skeletal Muscles

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15
Q

Clonedine has what noticeable effect?

A

Makes you tired

16
Q

Alpha1 agonists ______ and alpha 2 agonists ______ release of NTMs in synapse

A 
A1 stimulate release of NTMs in synapses -> sm muscle relaxation
A2 inhibit (decrease release of NTMs in synapses)
17
Q

Epi does what to which blood vessels?

A

Constricts most bv’s other than those to the heart and skeletal muscles

18
Q

Beta adrenergic drug would do what to heart and lungs?

A

HR increase, bronchodilate

19
Q

Non-catecholamine sympathetic agonists?

A

Ephedrine, amphetamine

20
Q

Which branch of ANS synapses nearer the spinal column?

A

Sympathetic

21
Q

What is the nickname for the vagus nerve and why?

A

Vagus is the “wandering” nerve because it “wanders” around and innervates a lot of organs

22
Q

Vagus nerve innervates all of larynx except for what?

A

Cricothyroid

23
Q

Nicotinic receptors - what goes in and out?

A

In Na+, out K+

24
Q

Botulism does what? Leads to what?

A

Prevents ACh release into cleft. Leads to flaccid paralysis.

25
Q

Pseudocholinesterase does what to ACh?

A

Breaks it down

26
Q

ACh breaks down into what? What happens to these components?

A

Acetate and choline. They are taken back up and re-synthesized into ACh.

27
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors located?

A

ANS - every neuromuscular junction

ANS ganglia

28
Q

Location of Muscarinic subtypes?

A
  • M1 - autonomic ganglia & CNS
  • M2 - supraventricular cardiac
  • M3 - smooth muscle and glands
29
Q

IP3 and DAG are triggered by phospholipase C and lead to what?

A

Ca++ release by sarcoplasmic reticulum

30
Q

Why doesn’t release of Ca++ lead to increased smooth muscle contraction of blood vessels?

A

NO also released, which causes vasodilation of smooth muscle

31
Q

What is cholinergic crisis? How might it be triggered?

A

Uncontrolled increase in parasympathetic nervous system. May be triggered by cholinergic meds (Neostigmine or edrophonium)

32
Q

Symptoms of cholinergic crisis?

A

Increase in crying, pupil dilation, perspiration, salivation, secretions, bronchoconstriction, increased airway secretions

33
Q

Percentage of adult population with HTN?

A

30%

Physiology (13 decks)

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