Pulmonary lung volumes & Pneumothorax

Question 1

Define Residual Volume

Answer 1

volume of air remaining in lungs after max expiratory effort

Question 2

Define Functional Residual Capacity

Answer 2

amount of air remaining in lungs after the end of normal quiet respiration

Question 3

Equation of FRC?

Answer 3

ERV + RV

Question 4

T or F. smaller the FRC, less amount of gas exchange in alveoli

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

What 2 simple things are needed for oxygen to get into the alveoli (not chemically)?

Answer 5

Blood Flow (Perfusion) and Ventilation

Question 6

Define Expiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 6

maximal amount of gas that can be exhaled from the resting end-expiratory level

Question 7

Define Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 7

maximal amount of gas that can be inhaled from the end-inspiratory position

Question 8

Define Vital Capacity

Answer 8

the greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath

Question 9

How of the time do we spend exhaling?

Answer 9

2/3 of the time

Question 10

Why would someone who took 3 VC breaths desaturate faster than someone who took TV breaths for 3 minutes?

Answer 10

The total oxygen in the entire body would be less in someone that took 3 VC breaths than someone who was preoxygenated longer

Question 11

Normal Lung Volumes?

Answer 11

Tidal Volume - 500cc
IRV - 3000cc
ERV - 1100cc
RV - 1200cc
FRC - 2300cc
Total Lung Capacity - 5800cc

Question 12

What’s part of static lung volume?

Answer 12

Involves Residual Volume and Total Lung Capacity

Question 13

Define Forced Vital Capacity

Answer 13

Taking a deep breath in and forcing the air all the way out

Question 14

What does FVC depend on?

Answer 14

It depends on how much motor strength the patient has to be able to push the air out

Question 15

Define Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1)

Answer 15

its how much air we can expel in the first second

Question 16

What is a normal percentage for FEV1?

Answer 16

70-80%

Question 17

T or F. FEV is dependent on how much air we can inspire.

Answer 17

FALSE. it does NOT depend on how much we can inspire

Question 18

Define Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV)

Answer 18

when you tell a patient to breathe as deep and as fast as they can

Question 19

What does MVV measure?

Answer 19

It measures amount of motor activity and how well muscles work

Question 20

Define Closing Capacity

Answer 20

volume in the lungs where alveoli and airways start to collapse

Question 21

Where would you see CC?

Answer 21

Below FRC

Question 22

What increases chances of CC?

Answer 22

age, smoking history, intrinsic lung disease and body position

Question 23

What impacts FRC?

Answer 23

Body Habitus, Age, Sex, Posture, Lung Disease, Diaphragmatic Tone

Question 24

Which has least resistance? Laminar or Turbulent

Answer 24

LAMINAR

Question 25

When does laminar flow become turbulent flow

Answer 25

when the pressure difference increases

Question 26

Which occurs in FASTER velocities? Laminar or Turbulent

Answer 26

TURBULENT

Question 27

Where would you see Laminar Flow?

Answer 27

in large airways

Question 28

Why even mention laminar and turbulent flow?

Answer 28

There is airway resistance from friction in the anatomy of the respiratory tract

Question 29

What is Poiseuille's Law

Answer 29

measurement of resistance

Question 30

Resistance to flow is inversely proportional to what and by how much

Answer 30

inversely proportional to radius to the power of 4 or by 16 fold

Question 31

what are the 3 categories of a pneumothorax?

Answer 31

Spontaneous, Traumatic, Tension

Question 32

What are the subcategories of Spontaneous Pneumothorax and what the difference between them?

Answer 32

1. Primary - occurs in absence of known lung disease | 2. Secondary - occurs in a variety of lung disease

Question 33

Which lung disease is most commonly known for causing a Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax?

Answer 33

COPD

Question 34

What is a Spontaneous Pneumothorax?

Answer 34

When there is no injury to the lung or chest wall directly, but there a rupture in the alveoli

Question 35

What is a Traumatic Pneumothorax?

Answer 35

caused from any sort of penetration trauma (gun, knife, blunt force)

Question 36

what are signs and symptoms to diagnose a pneumothorax?

Answer 36

``` Acute onset dyspnea Chest Pain Hypotension Tachycardia Pulsus Paradoxus Tracheal Deviation ```

Question 37

What is a Pulsus Paradoxus?

Answer 37

large decrease in systolic blood pressure and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration