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(3) Health Promotion & Education > S1_L3: Health Education & Health Promotion > Flashcards

S1_L3: Health Education & Health Promotion Flashcards

1
Q

To lead people to what they know, what they believe and what they must do towards their own health.

A

Health education

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2
Q

Health education is the process that bridges the gap between health (1)___ and health (2)___.

A
  1. information
  2. practice
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3
Q

Category of health behavior:
Any activity undertaken by an individual who considered himself to be ill for the purpose of getting well
A. Preventive Ill Behavior
B. Illness Behavior
C. Sick Role Behavior

A

C. Sick Role Behavior

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4
Q

Category of health behavior:
Any activity undertaken by an individual who perceives himself to be ill
A. Preventive Ill Behavior
B. Illness Behavior
C. Sick Role Behavior

A

B. Illness Behavior

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5
Q

Category of health behavior:
Any activity undertaken by an individual who believes himself to be healthy for the purpose of preventing or detecting illness in an asymptomatic state
A. Preventive Ill Behavior
B. Illness Behavior
C. Sick Role Behavior

A

A. Preventive Ill Behavior

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6
Q

Category of health behavior:
Exercise, eating healthy food, vitamins
A. Preventive Ill Behavior
B. Illness Behavior
C. Sick Role Behavior

A

A. Preventive Ill Behavior

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7
Q

The first that created the roadmap for public health activities and prevention strategies. It was developed by the US Surgeon General and it promotes separation of health promotion and disease prevention.

A

Healthy People (1979-2020)

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8
Q

Category of health behavior:
To define the state of his health and, to discover suitable remedy. Once symptoms are felt, these are the activities done to prevent the development of the
condition.
A. Preventive Ill Behavior
B. Illness Behavior
C. Sick Role Behavior

A

B. Illness Behavior

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9
Q

Category of health behavior:
Involves a whole range of dependent behaviors and leads to some degree of exemption to one’s usual responsibilities
A. Preventive Ill Behavior
B. Illness Behavior
C. Sick Role Behavior

A

C. Sick Role Behavior

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10
Q

Enumerate the 4 settings in health promotion

A
  1. Healthcare
  2. Schools
  3. Communities
  4. Workplaces
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11
Q

At present, because of the onset of public health concerns, (1)___ becomes the broader endeavor while (2)___ becomes another tenet of (1).

A
  1. health promotion
  2. health education
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12
Q

According to the WHO, it is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health

A

Health promotion

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: In the past, the umbrella/ broader endeavor was health education and one of its facets was health promotion. At present, the two have switched.

A

True

Due to the emergence of different of lifestyle conditions and public health concerns

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14
Q

Foundation of health education: Guiding principle of health education, beacon of light
A. Philosophical
B. Biomedical
C. Behavioral Science

A

A. Philosophical

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15
Q

Foundation of health education: Involves the different methods, theories and strategies that we can use to bring about behavioral change; it is the “How?”
A. Philosophical
B. Biomedical
C. Behavioral Science

A

C. Behavioral Science

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16
Q

Foundation of health education: Associated with the content of the “What?”; it has to be based on updated research and findings
A. Philosophical
B. Biomedical
C. Behavioral Science

A

B. Biomedical

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17
Q

The first and most prominent conference on health promotion.

A

Ottawa Charter

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18
Q

Enumerate the 5 priority areas in the framework for action (Ottawa Charter)

A
  1. Building healthy public health policy
  2. Creating supportive environments
  3. Strengthening community action
  4. Developing personal skills
  5. Reorienting health services
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19
Q

The first documented health promotion

A

Code of Hammurabi and Mosaic Law

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20
Q

Community systems for collecting rainwater,
water disposal, inoculating against smallpox, & methods of controlling plague, use of mosquito nets, frequent bathing, and advocated excess use of alcohol
A. Ancient practice of Indians
B. Ancient practice of Chinese
C. Ancient practice of Egyptians

A

C. Ancient practice of Egyptians

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21
Q

Medicines, attention to hygiene, diet, massage, and immunization
A. Ancient practice of Indians
B. Ancient practice of Chinese
C. Ancient practice of Egyptians

A

B. Ancient practice of Chinese

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22
Q

Ayurvedic practices on personal hygiene, sanitation, water supply, and engineering practices
A. Ancient practice of Indians
B. Ancient practice of Chinese
C. Ancient practice of Egyptians

A

A. Ancient practice of Indians

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23
Q

The first civilization to emphasize health promotion, because for them, being strong and beautiful were highly valued

A

Greeks

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24
Q

Believed health as a function of physical and social environment as well as human behavior

A

Greeks

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25
Q

Believed that they should live a life that minimized all disturbances to be able to become healthy. Practiced eating little meat, eating in moderation, self control, and calmness at all times

A

Pythagorean

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26
Q

Enumerate the 3 key factors in maintaining health according to Pythagorean

A
  1. Harmony
  2. Equilibrium
  3. Balance
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27
Q

Believed that health is a state of being in harmony with the universe and experiencing a sense of completeness and contentment

A

Plato

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28
Q

Refers to controlled diseases that are constantly in the environment

A

Endemic

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29
Q

Refers to diseases that occur at a selected time

A

Epidemic

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30
Q

Health is the most valued asset. Believes that there should be equilibrium between environmental factors and individual habits.

A

Hippocrates

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31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Health equity, consideration for the environment, social, and economic growth were already practiced by the ancient Greeks.

A

True

Additional: Donations from the rich were used to subsidize the health
of the poor = Physicians are obligated to treat the poor and the rich equally

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32
Q

Which ethnicity used public baths to support community health and used census to plan for community health programs and
structures?

A

Romans

Additional: Ventilation and central heating are required for buildings.

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32
Q

Believes that health is a condition in which we neither suffer pain nor are hindered in the functions of daily life such as taking part in the government, bathing, drinking, eating and doing other things we want.

A

Galen

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33
Q

The state has the greatest influence on health during the time of the ___.

A

Roman empire

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34
Q

Relied on religious and cultural rules, spiritual practices, community taboos and quarantine of contiguous individuals (leprosy and black death)
A. Health protection era (1830s)
B. Sanitary Control Era (1840-1870)
C. Contagion Control Era (1880-1830s)

A

A. Health protection era (1830s)

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35
Q

Aka Industrial Revolution; filthy working conditions, unsafe water supplies, poor drainage systems and inadequate sewage disposals = Deaths
A. Health protection era (1830s)
B. Sanitary Control Era (1840-1870)
C. Contagion Control Era (1880-1830s)

A

B. Sanitary Control Era (1840-1870)

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36
Q

Modern epidemiological methods were used to track outbreaks
A. Health protection era (1830s)
B. Sanitary Control Era (1840-1870)
C. Contagion Control Era (1880-1830s)

A

B. Sanitary Control Era (1840-1870)

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36
Q

Focus on infectious diseases like cholera and vaccination; Improved water filtration processes were used to improve health
A. Health protection era (1830s)
B. Sanitary Control Era (1840-1870)
C. Contagion Control Era (1880-1830s)

A

C. Contagion Control Era (1880-1830s)

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37
Q

Germ Control Theory by Robert Koch
A. Health protection era (1830s)
B. Sanitary Control Era (1840-1870)
C. Contagion Control Era (1880-1830s)

A

C. Contagion Control Era (1880-1830s)

38
Q

Emphasis on equity, community participation and access to services and understanding the social determinants of health
A. Preventive Medicine Era (1940-1960)
B. Primary healthcare era (1970-1980)
C. Health promotion era (1990s)

A

B. Primary healthcare era (1970-1980)

39
Q

Enumerate the 6 phases in the evolution of primary care / prevention

A
  1. Health protection era
  2. Sanitary Control Era
  3. Contagion Control Era
  4. Preventive Medicine Era
  5. Primary healthcare era
  6. Health promotion era
40
Q

Priority areas: multicultural and participatory, community based interventions
A. Preventive Medicine Era (1940-1960)
B. Primary healthcare era (1970-1980)
C. Health promotion era (1990s)

A

B. Primary healthcare era (1970-1980)

41
Q

Its advocacy efforts are with individuals and communities
A. Preventive Medicine Era (1940-1960)
B. Primary healthcare era (1970-1980)
C. Health promotion era (1990s)

A

C. Health promotion era (1990s)

42
Q

Economic and political interventions were used to create supportive environments, strengthen community action, and develop personal skills
A. Preventive Medicine Era (1940-1960)
B. Primary healthcare era (1970-1980)
C. Health promotion era (1990s)

A

C. Health promotion era (1990s)

43
Q

Target groups are Pregnant women, elderly, factory workers (high risk population)
A. Preventive Medicine Era (1940-1960)
B. Primary healthcare era (1970-1980)
C. Health promotion era (1990s)

A

A. Preventive Medicine Era (1940-1960)

44
Q

Focused on awareness of disease vectors, clinical pathology to treat diseases
A. Preventive Medicine Era (1940-1960)
B. Primary healthcare era (1970-1980)
C. Health promotion era (1990s)

A

A. Preventive Medicine Era (1940-1960)

45
Q

Reached the understanding that microbes are necessary for healthy bodily functions and knowledge that nutritional deficiencies affects health

A. Preventive Medicine Era (1940-1960)
B. Primary healthcare era (1970-1980)
C. Health promotion era (1990s)

A

A. Preventive Medicine Era (1940-1960)

46
Q

Who emphasized on the reduction of diseases where the interaction of the microorganism and the host should be minimized?

He believed that there are organisms that cause a certain disease. However, the importance of the environment and socio economic aspect was missed out on his particular theory.

A

Robert Koch

47
Q

Refers to microorganisms or organisms that cause the disease

A

Disease vectors

48
Q

The link between healthcare and socioeconomic development; Focus is on preventive health care
A. Preventive Medicine Era (1940-1960)
B. Primary healthcare era (1970-1980)
C. Health promotion era (1990s)

A

B. Primary healthcare era (1970-1980)

49
Q

Enumerate the 5 ways a health belief theory can be perceived as

A
  1. As a tool box
  2. As a foundation
  3. As a road map
  4. As a guide
  5. As a compass
50
Q

The first document about health inequity. It documented disadvantaged groups have lower life expectancies and poor health than those with more resources.

A

Achieving health for all: The Epp Report (1986)

51
Q

The second international conference on health promotion. It presented the necessity of supportive environments and a call of collaboration among governmental and private sector interest.

A

WHO Adelaide Recommendations on Health Public Policy (1988)

52
Q

Self efficacy, goals, and outcome experiences are the three main factors that affect the likelihood that a person
will change their health behavior.
A. Social Cognitive Theory
B. Communication Theory
C. Diffusion of Innovation Theory

A

A. Social Cognitive Theory

53
Q

If individuals have a sense of self-efficacy, they can change their behavior even when faced with obstacles.
A. Social Cognitive Theory
B. Communication Theory
C. Diffusion of Innovation Theory

A

A. Social Cognitive Theory

54
Q

By identifying the characteristics of people in each adopter category, health educators can more effectively plan and implement strategies that are customized to their needs.
A. Social Cognitive Theory
B. Communication Theory
C. Diffusion of Innovation Theory

A

C. Diffusion of Innovation Theory

55
Q

There are five categories of people: Innovators, early adopters, early majority adopters, late majority adopters, and laggards.

A. Social Cognitive Theory
B. Communication Theory
C. Diffusion of Innovation Theory

A

C. Diffusion of Innovation Theory

56
Q

Multilevel strategies are necessary depending on who
is targeted, i.e. at the individual, group, community, policy, and population levels.
A. Social Cognitive Theory
B. Communication Theory
C. Diffusion of Innovation Theory

A

B. Communication Theory

57
Q

The intent is influenced not only by the attitude towards behavior but also by the perception of social norms and the degree of perceived behavioral control.
A. Transtheoretical Model of Change
B. Theory of Planned Behaviour
C. Activated Health Education Model

A

B. Theory of Planned Behaviour

58
Q

3 phase model
A. Transtheoretical Model of Change
B. Theory of Planned Behaviour
C. Activated Health Education Model

A

C. Activated Health Education Model

59
Q

Behavior change is viewed as a progression through
a series of five stages
A. Transtheoretical Model of Change
B. Theory of Planned Behaviour
C. Activated Health Education Model

A

A. Transtheoretical Model of Change

60
Q

Practitioners of health promotion and education can offer effective intervention strategies on what stage a person is

A. Transtheoretical Model of Change
B. Theory of Planned Behaviour
C. Activated Health Education Model

A

A. Transtheoretical Model of Change

61
Q

Enumerate the 5 stages of the Transtheoretical Model of Change

A
  1. Pre-contemplation
  2. Contemplation
  3. Preparation
  4. Action
  5. Maintenance
62
Q

Knowledge, attitudes, practices model (KAP)
A. Rational Model
B. Health Belief Model
C. Extended Parallel Process Model

A

A. Rational Model

63
Q

Based on the premise that increasing a person’s knowledge will prompt a behavior change

A. Rational Model
B. Health Belief Model
C. Extended Parallel Process Model

A

A. Rational Model

64
Q

One of the earliest behavior change models to explain
human health decision-making
A. Rational Model
B. Health Belief Model
C. Extended Parallel Process Model

A

B. Health Belief Model

65
Q

Proposes that people, when presented with a risk message, engage in two appraisal processes

A. Rational Model
B. Health Belief Model
C. Extended Parallel Process Model

A

C. Extended Parallel Process Model

66
Q

Determination of whether the recommended action / solution can reduce the threat (ie. response efficacy) and whether they can successfully perform the recommended action (i.e. self-efficacy)

A. Rational Model
B. Health Belief Model
C. Extended Parallel Process Model

A

C. Extended Parallel Process Model

67
Q

Determination of whether they are susceptible to an identified threat and whether the threat is severe
A. Rational Model
B. Health Belief Model
C. Extended Parallel Process Model

A

C. Extended Parallel Process Model

68
Q

Screening; Provision of antiretroviral treatment at healthcare centers to prevent the disease from further progressing
A. Primary Prevention
B. Secondary Prevention
C. Tertiary Prevention

A

B. Secondary Prevention

69
Q

Provide pts with seminars about the risk factors of HIV
A. Primary Prevention
B. Secondary Prevention
C. Tertiary Prevention

A

A. Primary Prevention

70
Q

To establish a high-level wellness. To maximize use of remaining capacities. To halt the disease or injury process and assist the person in obtaining an optimal health status.
A. Primary Prevention
B. Secondary Prevention
C. Tertiary Prevention

A

C. Tertiary Prevention

71
Q

“Include content on the definitions of health, wellness, and health promotion” is health promotion:

A. In the individual
B. In organizations
C. In professional PT education programs

A

C. In professional PT education programs

72
Q

“Educate the public about the role of the physical therapist in health promotion and wellness” is health promotion:
A. In the individual
B. In organizations
C. In professional PT education programs

A

B. In organizations

73
Q

“Discuss healthy behaviors with patients and clients and provide information and
education about health-causing behaviors” is health promotion:
A. In the individual
B. In organizations
C. In professional PT education programs

A

A. In the individual

74
Q

“Partner with other providers
to coordinate support for and
reinforce health-causing behaviors” is health promotion:
A. In the individual
B. In organizations
C. In professional PT education programs

A

A. In the individual

75
Q

“Provide primary care and
community-based clinical education experiences
beyond service learning” is health promotion:
A. In the individual
B. In organizations
C. In professional PT education programs

A

C. In professional PT education programs

76
Q

“Shift from a biomedical paradigm to a biopsychosocial
paradigm” is health promotion:
A. In the individual
B. In organizations
C. In professional PT education programs

A

A. In the individual

77
Q

“Engage in education of other health care providers about the role of physical therapists
in primary prevention” is health promotion:
A. In the individual
B. In organizations
C. In professional PT education programs

A

B. In organizations

78
Q

“Create resources to educate physical therapists and
facilitate the integration of health” is health promotion:
A. In the individual
B. In organizations
C. In professional PT education programs

A

B. In organizations

79
Q

“Include content on ecological
approaches to health promotion and wellness and on health behavior change
theories” is health promotion:
A. In the individual
B. In organizations
C. In professional PT education programs

A

C. In professional PT education programs

80
Q

First authoritative policy statement that suggests that health promotion was determined by issues other than those associated with the healthcare system. It advocates for preventive care and prompting individuals to accept more responsibility for their health.

A. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)
B. Lalonde Report (1974)
C. World Health Organization (1948-present)
D. International Union of Health Promotion and Education (1951-present)

A

B. Lalonde Report (1974)

81
Q

The major milestone of the 20th century in the field of
public health, and it identified primary health care as the
key to the attainment of the goal of Health for All. It emphasized the need for health promotion, curative and
rehabilitative services.

A

WHO: Declaration of Alma-Ata on Primary Care (1978)

82
Q

Advocates for legislation, fiscal change, and organizational and community efforts to promote health in the global context.
A. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)
B. Lalonde Report (1974)
C. World Health Organization (1948-present)
D. International Union of Health Promotion and Education (1951-present)

A

C. World Health Organization (1948-present)

Additional: Formulated the international classification of functioning, disability,
and health (ICF) to encourage the attainment, monitoring,
and enhancement of health and functioning in 2001.

83
Q

Emphasized that individuals need to have supportive
environments and economic resources to lead healthy
lives and experience well-being.
A. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)
B. Lalonde Report (1974)
C. World Health Organization (1948-present)
D. International Union of Health Promotion and Education (1951-present)

A

A. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)

84
Q

Global professional NGO
dedicated to advancing health promotion. Its mission is to promote global health and equity between and within countries around the world.
A. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)
B. Lalonde Report (1974)
C. World Health Organization (1948-present)
D. International Union of Health Promotion and Education (1951-present)

A

D. International Union of Health Promotion and Education (1951-present)

85
Q

Communication Theory

  1. Targeted messages
  2. Media advocacy
  3. Tailored messages
  4. Mass media campaigns
  5. Social marketing

A. At the individual level
B. At the group level
C. At the community level
D. At the policy level
E. At the population level

A
  1. B
  2. D
  3. A
  4. E
  5. C
86
Q

Enumerate the 3 phases of the Activated Health Education Model

A
  1. Experiential phase
  2. Awareness phase
  3. Responsibility phase
87
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: One of the barriers in the PT practice is the focus on secondary and tertiary prevention and not knowing the role of PTs in primary prevention.

A

True

88
Q

In the health belief model, subsequent behavior is based on six constructs. Enumerate these

A
  1. Perceived susceptibility
  2. Severity
  3. Benefits
  4. Barriers
  5. Cues to action
  6. Self-efficacy
89
Q

What is the target outcome of health education?

A

Behavioral change

90
Q

The process of assisting individuals, acting separately or collectively, to make informed decisions about matters affecting the personal health and that of others

A

Health education

91
Q

Healthy People 2030 is the ___ iteration of the initiative Healthy People.

A

5th

92
Q

They are trained to adapt health recommendations to the community environment

A

Physical therapists

93
Q

In the management of disease and disability, what 2 services provided act as a hallmark for PT practice?

A
  1. Non-surgical services
  2. Non-pharmacological services

(3) Health Promotion & Education (6 decks)

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