Biochem - Genetic Technology

Question 1

A technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by incubating with special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides.

Answer 1

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 2

denaturation, annealing, extension

Answer 2

Steps of PCR

Question 3

in PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis is used to visualize _________ DNA

Answer 3

amplified

Question 4

amplification of PCR to genotyping can be used for identity, such as _______ and _________ science (FBI Database evidence)

Answer 4

paternity, forensic

Question 5

a real-time method for PCR, fluorescent dye used

Answer 5

“5’ Exonuclease-Based Real-Time PCR”

Question 6

an exonuclease-based PCR genotyping method that does high throughput genotyping and gives plots of genotypes

Answer 6

Allelic Discrimination Assay

Question 7

2 types of genetic variation are?

Answer 7

sequence variation, structural variation

Question 8

a DNA nucleotide or a sequence which varies in different individuals at the same position in their genome (repetitive DNA, SNPs, INDELs)

Answer 8

Sequence variation

Question 9

variation within individual chromosomes (copy #, inversions, balanced translocations)

Answer 9

structural variation

Question 10

SNP genotyping can be done via direct ____________

Answer 10

hybridization

Question 11

ancestry or genealogy disease risk or health kinship (biological/paternity tests)

Answer 11

direct to consumer genetic testing

Question 12

RNA guided/nuclease-mediated gene editing technique (cluster regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)

Answer 12

CRISPR Cas9 Systems

Question 13

the ability to modify DNA

Answer 13

gene editing

Question 14

Gene editing occurs following a _______ nuclease-induced double strand break

Answer 14

Cas9

Question 15

“Dideoxynucleotides halt DNA polymerization at each base, generating sequences of various lengths that encompass the entire original sequence.

Terminated fragments are electrophoresed and the original sequence can be deduced.

Terminated sequences “pile up” sufficiently to allow their detection”

Answer 15

Sanger DNA sequencing

Question 16

In the Sanger fluorescent dideoxy nucleotide DNA sequencing method, what characteristic of the synthesis reaction causes the synthesis of all segments of the template by increments of one nucleotide?
- excess amounts of DNA polymerase
- the small ratio deoxynucleotide concentration to dideoxy nucletide concentration
- the large ratio deoxynucleotide concentration to dideoxy nucletide concentration
- very small concentrations of deoxynucleotide triphosphates

Answer 16

C. The large ratio deoxynucleotide concentration to dideoxy nucletide concentration

Question 17

A very rapid method of sequencing millions of DNA fragments at the same time

Answer 17

massively parallel sequencing

Question 18

an example of a gene targeted approach used to edit genetic information

Answer 18

egineered CRISPR/Cas9

Question 19

genotyping can be used to determine or predict

Answer 19

identity (forensics)
parentage
health/disease
genealogy