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Med Surg 1 > Intravenous Solutions > Flashcards

Intravenous Solutions Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of solutions

A

isotonic
hypotonic
hypertonic

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2
Q

what differentiates the different solution types

A

relation to blood osmolality

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3
Q

osmosis

A

less of a concentration trying to move to high concentration

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4
Q

Isotonic solutions osmolality

A

close to the blood/extra cellular fluid

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5
Q

Isotonic solutions

A

normal saline (0.9NS)
Lactated ringers (LR)

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6
Q

indications of isotonic solution

A

expansion of the extracellular fluid volume

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7
Q

examples of indications of isotonic solution

A

Trauma, loss of blood, postop surgery, dehydration, increasing blood pressure

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8
Q

when would we NEVER use isotonic

A

congestive heart failure
pulmonary edema
sodium retention
renal failure

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9
Q

hypotonic osmolality compared to blood

A

less than that of the blood

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10
Q

hypotonic solution

A

half normal saline (0.45NS)

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11
Q

what does hypotonic solution do to the cells

A

fluid goes into the cells, cells swell, cells can rupture

ECF into ICF

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12
Q

indications for hypotonic solutions

A

replace cellular fluid

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13
Q

examples of indications for hypotonic solutions

A

treatment of hypernatremia or hyperosmolar conditions
cellular dehydration
diabetic ketoacidosis/hyperglycemia

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14
Q

when would we never use hypotonic solutions

A

cellular swelling
BRAIN INJURIES
intravascular depletion
decreased blood pressure
burns
trauma

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15
Q

why do we not want to use hypotonic solution for intravascular depletion and low blood pressure

A

fluid is not going to stay in vascular

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16
Q

why do we not want to use hypotonic solution in burns and trauma pts

A

the patients are already hypovolemic

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17
Q

what can hypotonic solutions cause if pushed too far

A

hypovolemic

18
Q

hypertonic osmolality related to blood

A

exceeds that of blood

19
Q

hypertonic solutions

A

3% normal saline (3%NS)
D5% Normal Saline (D5NS)
D5 Lactated Ringers (D5LR)
D5 Half Normal Saline (D5.45NS)

20
Q

where are hypertonic solutions hung

A

ICU

21
Q

what is special about
D5% Normal Saline (D5NS)
D5 Lactated Ringers (D5LR)
D5 Half Normal Saline (D5.45NS)

A

these all start out as hypertonic because of the dextrose, but then the dextrose is metabolized and osmolality depends on what it was paired with

22
Q

D5% Normal Saline (D5NS)

A

hyper
iso

23
Q

D5 Lactated Ringers (D5LR)

A

hyper
iso

24
Q

D5 Half Normal Saline (D5.45NS)

A

hyper
hypo

25
Q

D5% Normal Saline (D5NS)
D5 Lactated Ringers (D5LR)
D5 Half Normal Saline (D5.45NS)
cautions

A

increase blood sugar

26
Q

if we know that these solutions cause increase in blood sugar, when might we give them?
D5% Normal Saline (D5NS)
D5 Lactated Ringers (D5LR)
D5 Half Normal Saline (D5.45NS)

A

hypoglycemic
long acting insulin given and patient becomes NPO

27
Q

indications of hypertonic solutions

A

draw water from the cell (intracellular) into ECF causing cell to shrink. Used primarily when serum osmolality has decreased to dangerously low levels

28
Q

examples of indications for hypertonic solutions

A

cellular swelling/brain swelling
cerebral edema
hyponatremia (pulls sodium back into intravascular/ecf)

29
Q

cautions hypertonic solutions

A

may cause extracellular fluid volume excess
may precipitate circulatory overload and dehydration
can lead to pulmonary edema

30
Q

D5W (dextrose in water) indications and cautions

A

iso hypotonic

avoid with patients with brain injury
avoid during fluid resuscitation
may cause hyperglycemia

31
Q

balanced crystalloid and plasma lyte are also used but not as common why

A

expensive

32
Q

Normal Saline (0.9NS)

A

isotonic

33
Q

Lactated Ringers (LR)

A

isotonic

34
Q

Half Normal Saline (0.45NS)

A

hypotonic

35
Q

3% Normal Saline (3%NS)

A

hypertonic

36
Q

D5% Normal Saline (D5NS)

A

hypertonic
isotonic

37
Q

D5 Lactated Ringers (D5LR)

A

hypertonic
isotonic

38
Q

D5 Half Normal Saline (D5.45NS)

A

hypertonic
hypotonic

39
Q

D5 Water (D5W)

A

hypertonic
hypotonic

40
Q
A

Med Surg 1 (47 decks)

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