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kinesiology > JOINT MUSCLE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION > Flashcards

JOINT MUSCLE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Flashcards

1
Q

o study of muscles as they are involved in science of movement

A

 Structural Kinesiology

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2
Q

Bones are composed of?

A

 Composed of calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, collagen, and water

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3
Q

What provides some flexibility and strength in resisting tension

A

Collagen provides some flexibility and strength in resisting tension

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4
Q

T or F
Aging causes progressive loss of collagen and increases brittleness

A

TRUE

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5
Q

Fixed Connective Tissue Cell Types (7)

A

Fibroblast - tendon, ligaments, skin
Chondroblast - cartilage
Osteoblast - bone formation
Osteoclast
Mast Cells
Adipose Cells
Mesenchyme Cells

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6
Q
  • including elevations and projections
A

Processes

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7
Q

including opening and grooves

A

Cavities or Depressions

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8
Q

A junction between two or more bones to permit
movement

A

Joint

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9
Q

T or F
Arthrology - study of bones

A

False
Arthrology - study of joints

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10
Q

connection of bones at a joint usually to allow movement between surfaces of bones

A

Articulation

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11
Q

T or F
Synarthroses - movable

A

FALSE
Synarthroses - immovable

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12
Q

T or F
Amphiarthroses - slightly movable

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Diarthroses - freely movable joints

A

Diarthroses - freely movable joints

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14
Q

composed of intervening fibrous tissue with no joint cavity, immovable joints

A

Fibrous

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15
Q

articulating bones are united by
cartilage, hyaline or fibrocartilage, with no joint cavity

A

Cartilaginous

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16
Q

articulating bones are separated by a
fluid-filled joint cavity, freely movable

A

Synovial

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17
Q

● Immovable joints which permits the stability of bones
● Suture such as skull sutures (Fontanel on babies)
● Gomphosis such as teeth fitting into mandible or maxilla

A

Synarthrosis

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18
Q

● Slightly movable joints
● Allow a slight amount of motion to occur

A

Amphiarthrodial

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19
Q

Joint separated by a fibrocartilage pad that allows very slight movement between the bones

A

Symphysis

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20
Q

Type of joint separated by hyaline cartilage that allows very slight movement between the bones

A

Synchondrosis

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21
Q

Two bones joined together by a strong ligament or an interosseous membrane that allows minimal movement between the bones. Bones may or
may not touch each other at the actual joint

A

Syndesmosis

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22
Q

T or F
○ Stratum Fibrosum - thicker
○ Stratum Synovium - produces synovial fluid

A

TRUE

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23
Q

inflammation of joint due to a problem in the serum of the blood

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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24
Q

decrease of fluid and joint space, friction of
joints

A

Osteoarthritis

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25
Q

○ A ligamentous part of the joint capsule that
determines the range of motion
○ Fibrous layer of capsule - considered to be poorly vascularized but well innervated (nerve supply)

A

Fibrous Capsule

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26
Q

T or F
Fibrous Capsule are well innervated

A

TRUE

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27
Q

○ Responsible for the secretion for the synovial fluid
○ Synovial fluid is important for the lubrication of the bones
○ Both well vascularized and well innervated

A

Synovial Membrane

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28
Q

Components of Synovial FLuid

A

Fluid - composed of hyaluronate for the hydration,
and lubricin for lubrication

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29
Q

Bands of tough elastic tissue around your joints

A

Ligaments

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30
Q

For the reduction or reducing of the wear and tear in
between the bones

A

Articular Cartilage

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31
Q

Associated with the freedom of movement by
reducing friction but increasing absorption

A

Articular Cartilage

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32
Q

Thin, oval plate of fibrocartilage

A

Articular Disc or Meniscus

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33
Q

Fluid sacs that reduce the friction

A

Bursae

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34
Q

Adds cushion to our bones

A

Fat Pads or Haversian Glands

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35
Q

Six Types of Diarthrodial Joint

A

○ Arthrodial / Gliding / Plane
○ Ginglymus / Hinge
○ Trochoid / Pivot
○ Condyloid
○ Sellar / Saddle
○ Enarthrodial / Ball and Socket

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36
Q

2 plane or flat bony surfaces which butt against each other.
Little motion possible in any 1 joint articular.

A

Arthrodial or Planar Joints

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37
Q

T or F
Arthrodial or Planar Joints Don’t work
together in series of articulations

A

FALSE
Usually work together in series of articulations

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38
Q

A uniaxial articulation articular surfaces allow motion in only one plane. Looks like a hinge in the door - can be open or close

A

Ginglymus or Hinge Joints

39
Q

A uniaxial articulation/ Rounded end of one
bone fits into the concavity of another bone. The meeting point of the radius and ulna - pronation and supination

A

Trochoid or Pivot Joints

40
Q

Biaxial ball and socket joint one bone with an
oval concave surface received by another
bone with an oval convex surface

A

Condyloid

41
Q

Unique biaxial joint with 2 reciprocally
concave and convex articular surfaces

A

Sellar or Saddle Joint

42
Q

Multiaxial or triaxial ball and socket joint.
Bony rounded head fitting into a concave
articular surface

A

Enarthrodial - Ball
and Socket

43
Q

Hinge within the sagittal plane, and Pivot within transverse plane

A

Uniaxial

44
Q

Condylar and Saddle for both frontal and sagittal
plane

A

Biaxial

45
Q

Plane, Ball and Socket

A

Multiaxial

46
Q

Area through which joint may normally be freely and
painlessly moved

A

Range of Motion

47
Q

● Measurable degree of movement potential in a joint or joints

A

Range of Motion

48
Q

Measured with a goniometer in 0 degrees to 360 degrees

A

Range of Motion

49
Q

Composed of a regular collagenous connective
tissue, strongest tissue in the body

A

Tendons

50
Q

Transmit through actively, active muscle Contraction, and passively, muscle stretched by an external force
○ 1st line of defense for joint stability
○ If the load is greater than the force, the muscle can be injured

A

Tendons

51
Q

functions OF TENDONS

A

Functions is to connect a muscle to a bone and
transmit movement

52
Q
  • the tendon is used to describe a narrow
    band or chord like connection, aponeurosis is a broad band
A

Aponeurosis

53
Q

A closed sac of synovial fluid interposed between a
tendon and other structures such as an osseofibrous tunnel or retinaculum

A

Synovial Sheaths

54
Q

What protects tendons from wear and tear

A

Synovial Sheaths

55
Q

○ Regular collagenous tissue
○ Typically enclose the entire joint

A

Joint Capsules

56
Q

○ Crisscrossed arrangement can strongly resist any
stretch in different directions
○ Passive, it must be stretched by an external force to determine the end point of the range of motion

A

Joint Capsules

57
Q

Regular collagenous tissue whose fibers are aligned in a direction of imposed stress that commonly occurs at the joint

A

Ligaments

58
Q

T or F
Ligaments are active

A

FALSE
IT is passive

59
Q

T or F
Ligaments are the 2nd line of defense

A

TRUE

60
Q

Found in all types of synovial joint in addition of the joint capsule

A

Ligaments

61
Q

Determines the end range of motion

A

Ligaments

62
Q

Category of ligament:
as a distinct thickening in part of the joint capsule that provides additional strength in one direction

A

Capsular Ligaments

63
Q
  • as distinct bands that are separate from the joint capsule or only partially attached to it
A

Non Capsular Ligament

64
Q

Is a broad single layered sheet or regular collagenous
connective tissue

A

Retinaculum

65
Q

Serve the primary function of maintaining proper
position of tendons

A

Retinaculum

66
Q

○ A disc fibrocartilage that lies between the two bones forming the articulation
○ Their function is to improve congruence in the joint
○ Improves shock absorption

A

Articular Disc

67
Q

A closed sac of synovial fluid that is interposed
between structures usually bone and some other soft tissue that move relative to each other

A

Bursae

68
Q

inflammation of bursae

A

Bursitis

69
Q

○ Composed of fibrocartilage
○ Deepens the socket of our joints to provide more
stability - another cushion
○ Increases or permits greater range of motion

A

Labrum

70
Q

Properties of Skeletal Muscle

A

Excitability or Irritability
Conductivity
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

71
Q

to stretch and go back to its original form

A

Elasticity

72
Q

the ability to extend or stretch without being
damaged

A

Extensibility

73
Q

the ability to shorten in response to a
stimulus

A

Contractility

74
Q

propagation of the action potential

A

Conductivity

75
Q
  • responding to a stimulus with the
    presence of Acetylcholine
A

Excitability or Irritability

76
Q

Coverings of the muscle

A

Coverings
1. Epimysium
2. Perimysium
3. Endomysium

77
Q

Axon of motor and sensory neurons

A

Nervous Tissue

78
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

A

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

79
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers:
Myoglobin Content: High
Speed of Contraction: Slow

A

Type I Slow Oxidative

80
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers:
Fast Oxidative Glycolytic

A

Type IIA

81
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers:
Diameter Intermediate
Muscle Color Red
Rate of Fatigue Intermediate

A

Type IIA

82
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers:
Slow Oxidative

A

Type I

83
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers:
Diameter Small
Muscle Color Red

A

Type I

84
Q

T or F
Connective tissue can produce force when stretched because of its elastic nature and its stiffness

A

TRUE

85
Q

T or F
Muscle tissue generates force through shortening as described by the sliding filament theory

A

TRUE

86
Q

Capillarity of TYPE I, Type IIA, & Type IIB

A

Capillarity Type I: Dense, Type IIA: Dense, Type IIB: Sparse

87
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers:
Muscle Color: White
Rate of Fatigue: Fast

A

Type IIB Fast Glycolytic

88
Q

Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers:
Speed of Contraction: Fast Fast

A

Type IIA Fast Oxidative Glycolytic

Type IIB Fast Glycolytic

89
Q

Provoke reflex contraction in stretched muscle and
inhibit tension in antagonists

A

Muscle Spindles

90
Q

○ Inhibit tension in stretched muscle and initiate tension development in antagonists

A

Golgi Tendon Organs

91
Q

Defined as the limited ability of a multiarticular muscle to produce force when placed in a shortened position
across all of its joints simultaneously
○ “Shortened position - less force”

A

Active Insufficiency

92
Q

Limited ability of a multiarticular muscle to stretch far enough to allow full ROM across all of its joints
simultaneously
○ “Full ROM - less stretch”

A

Passive Insufficiency

93
Q

Role of Muscles

A

● Agonist or Prime Movers
● Antagonist
● Fixators
● Synergists

kinesiology (11 decks)

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