ANS drugs Flashcards
Nicotine patch
Hazardous drug – use safe handling practices
- Apply every 24 hours to dry, clean, hairless area
- Check for allergies to adhesives
- Stop smoking while using
- Discontinue with:
- Allergic reaction
- Difficulty breathing
- Rash
- Irregular heartbeat or palpitations
- Symptoms of nicotine overdose
- Nausea / vomiting
- Dizziness / weakness
- Rapid heartbea
Pilocarpine
Controls intraocular pressure in glaucoma
Caution with driving at night
Remove contact lens before administration
Apply light finger pressure on lacrimal sac for 2 minutes to minimize systemic absorption
Can cause hypotension
Atropine
Diminish secretions, stimulate heart rate, treat muscarinic symptoms of insecticide poisoning
Use caution with elderly (agitation/drowsiness)
Contraindicated in high environmental temperatures
May cause dry mouth
- Complete frequent oral hygiene
Urine retention, abnormal heartbeat, dizziness/passing out, difficultybreathing, weakness, or tremors
Phenylephrine /
pseudoephedrine
Vasoconstriction, decreased swelling of mucous membranes, drying secretions
Used for symptomatic relief in upper respiratory infections
Contraindicated with MOAIs
Use caution with patients with glaucoma, HTN, or BPH
Do not administer within 2 hours of bedtime
Do not double dose
- Side/Adverse Effects:
- Increased BP
- Urinary retention
- Nervousness
- Difficulty sleepin
Tamsulosin
Relaxes smooth muscles in the bladder/prostate to improve urine flow
Treats BPH
Avoid using with other alpha-blockers
Assess and monitor BP, especially after 1st dose
May cause orthostatic hypotension
- Teach patient to change positions slowly
Take at the same time each day
* Side/Adverse Effects:
- Hypotension
Dobutamine
Increases HR, force of contractility, and speed of conduction between SA and AV node
treats cardiogenic shock and severe heart failure –
increasing contractility and cardiac output
Monitor ECG, BP, cardiac output, and urine output during therapy
Dilute IV concentration before administration
Inform immediately with chest pain, shortness of breath, or numbness/tingling to extremities
Side/Adverse Effects:
- Marked increase in BP and HR
- Report all adverse effects promptly
- Labored breathing, palpitations and dizzine
Metoprolol
Blocks Beta-1 receptors in heart, causing decreased HR and BP. Higher doses can also block Beta-2 receptors, causing bronchoconstriction
Treats high blood pressure, chest pain, MI, or tachycardia
* Do not crush extended-release
formulations (ER, XR, XL)
- Check apical pulse before giving (hold, call PCP <60bpm)
- Can cause orthostatic hypotension
- Make slow positional changes
- Monitor glucose level closely with
DM - Can mask s/s of hypoglycemia
Side/Adverse Effects:
- Shortness of breath / dyspnea /
wheezing
- Bradycardia
- Worsening heart failure
- Fatigue / dizziness
- Depression
- Insomnia / nightmares
- GI upset
- Erectile dysfuncti
Albuterol
Used to cause bronchodilation in the lungs. Beta-2 receptors in the heart can be stimulated, causing cardiovascular side effects.
Treats asthma and chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD)
- Monitor respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and lungs
before and after administration - Wait 2 minutes between inhalations, if more than 1 is
needed - Prime inhaler prior to use
- Rinse mouth after use d/t unusual taste
- Side/Adverse Effects:
- Hypersensitivity
- Paradoxical bronchospasm
- Report increased HR and
Propranolol
Non-selective beta blocker (inhibits Beta1 and 2) to decreased blood pressure and heart rate
Treats high BP, angina, and
dysrhythmia, essential tremors, after MI, and migraine prevention
Check BP and apical pulse prior to administration
Hold with pulse <60bpm and
systolic BP <100
- Use caution with asthma and COPD
- Can cause bronchoconstriction
- Use caution with DM
- Can mask hypoglycemia
- Use caution with impaired kidney and renal function
Do not stop abruptly
* Can cause orthostatic
hypotension
- Make slow positional changes
- Do not crush extended-release formulations (ER, XR, XL)
- Side/Adverse Effects:
- Bronchoconstriction
- Hypotension
- Bradycardia
- Worsening heart failure (HF)
