chapter 8 study guide

Question 1

what is the unit of measure for density?

Answer 1

grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm^3)

Question 2

list some examples of plasma

Answer 2

lightning, stars, florescent bulbs

Question 3

what does viscosity mean?

Answer 3

a fluid’s resistance to flow

Question 4

what causes a change in state of matter?

Answer 4

when enough thermal energy is added to or removed from an object

Question 5

identify one example of surface tension

Answer 5

when a sample of matter experiences a strong downward pull and stretches tight enough for a spider to walk on it (this is so stupid)

Question 6

describe what happens in the solid state of matter by using an example

Answer 6

attractive forces between particles in a sample of matter are strong and pull the particles close together, keeping them in their positions

Question 7

discuss the process of sublimination (???) and give one example

Answer 7

when thermal energy is added to a solid, it changes directly to a gas. one example of sublimination is dry ice

Question 8

do particles move fastest at a high temperature or a low temperature?

Answer 8

high temperature

Question 9

describe kinetic energy as a ball bounces

Answer 9

kinetic energy increases when a ball bounces up and decreases when the ball falls back to the ground

Question 10

how is thermal energy calculated?

Answer 10

thermal energy is equal to the sum of all the potential and kinetic energy in an object

Question 11

explain what happens when a cup of water is heated

Answer 11

adding thermal energy to a cup of water can cause the particles to move faster or get farther apart

Question 12

explain why snow melts after a snow storm

Answer 12

the addition of thermal energy (basically snow cold sun hot sun bigger more power)

Question 13

give one real-life example of condensation

Answer 13

during a hot shower, water vapor fogs up the cooler mirror as the vapor turns to water

Question 14

give one real-life example of vaporization

Answer 14

a cook puts a pot of water on to boil eggs. a few minutes later, all the water is gone

Question 15

snow forms in clouds because water vapor changes directly to ice. what is this process called?

Answer 15

deposition

Question 16

list the ideas found in the kinetic molecular theory (huh???)

Answer 16

small particles make up all matter; particles in matter are in constant, random motion; particles in matter collide with other particles, other objects, and walls of container

Question 17

explain what happens to volume and pressure as long as the temperature remains constant

Answer 17

as long as the temperature does not change, as volume increases, the pressure decreases

Question 18

what happens to volume as the space in a container gets smaller?

Answer 18

the volume decreases

Question 19

what does boyle’s law describe?

Answer 19

properties of a gas

Question 20

in boyle’s law, what remains constant?

Answer 20

temperature

Question 21

what is the final volume of a gas with an initial volume of 150.0 mL if the pressure decreases from 300.0 kPa and 250.0 kPa?

Answer 21

180.0 mL (this makes absolutely no sense)

Question 22

a sample of neon gas has a volume of 239.0 mL at 200.0 kPa. what would the pressure have to be in order for the gas to have a volume of 500.0 mL?

Answer 22

95.6 kPa (what is kpa and how do i calculate it)

Question 23

the equation for charles’ law is v1=v2/t1=t2. a 250 mL sample of neon gas is collected at 317 K. assuming the pressure remains constant, what would be the volume of the neon gas?

Answer 23

220 mL

Question 24

the equation for charles’ law is v1=v2/t1=t2. a sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 27.3 mL at 294 K. at what temperature would the gas have a volume of 40.0 mL?

Answer 24

431 K

Question 25

explain what causes surface tension in a cup of water

Answer 25

attractive forces between water molecules

Question 26

which gas law describes the direct relationship between temperature and volume of a gas?

Answer 26

charles’ law

Question 27

fully explain the following scenario: a student jumped in the ocean on a hot summer day and was surprised that the water was very cold. use your knowledge of specific heat to explain this (??). then, predict what a student could expect to feel if they dipped their foot in the ocean on a cold winter day. explain your prediction

Answer 27

the ocean water was very cold even though the air temperature was hot because water has a much higher specific heat than air or land. the high specific heat of water means that it does not heat up or cool down as quickly as air or land. so, although the surrounding temperature was quite hot, the ocean water was cool.
in the winter, the student would experience the opposite effect. because water changes temperature more slowly than air or land, the ocean water’s temperature in the winter is generally warmer than the surrounding air or land.