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Laboratory medicine > Common Lab tests Red stuff > Flashcards

Common Lab tests Red stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Normal urine color

A

Pale yellow (straw) to amber

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2
Q

Hydrated urine color

A

Straw

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3
Q

Dehydrated urine color

A

Amber

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4
Q

Colorless urine

A

Large fluid intake, untreated DM, DI

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5
Q

Orange urine

A

Pyridium/AZO (Medications)

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6
Q

Reddish or dark brown urine

A

Blood (RBCs), Hemoglobin, Myoglobin

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7
Q

High SG urine

A

Dehydration

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8
Q

Low SG Urine

A

DI

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9
Q

Alkaline urine

A

UTI (Some bacterial strains)

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10
Q

Hematuria

A

Lower UTI, Nephrolithiasis, Urinary tract cancers, renal cancers, Urinary catheter (Trauma), anticoagulants, strenuous exercise

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11
Q

Proteinuria

A

Kidney disease, DM

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12
Q

Glucosuria

A

DM

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13
Q

Ketonuria

A

DM (Ketoacidosis), starvation/fasting. FALSE POSITIVE = Dehydration

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14
Q

Urine Nitrite

A

Marker for bacteria. FALSE POSITIVES with Pyridium/AZO

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15
Q

Urine LE

A

UTI, FALSE POSITIVES = vaginal discharge, contamination. FALSE NEGATIVES = Pyridium/AZO

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16
Q

Increased urinary Bilirubin

A

Liver disease, infection or other toxic agents

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17
Q

Increased urine urobilinogen

A

Liver disease

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18
Q

Urine test specimen handling

A

Test w/in 1hr or refrigerate

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19
Q

urine microscopy with WBCs

A

UTI, stones, cancer, inflammation

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20
Q

urine microscopy RBCs

A

UTI, renal cancer, bladder cancer, kidney stones

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21
Q

Urine microscopy with epithelial cells

A

contamination

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22
Q

Urine microscopy with RBC casts

A

hemorrhage, glomerulonephritis

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23
Q

urine microscopy WBC casts

A

pyelonephritis

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24
Q

Components of CBC

A

WBCs, RBCs, Platelets, Hgb, Hct

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25
Q

Components of CBC with Diff

A

WBCs, RBCs, Platelets, Hgb, Hct; Neu, eosin, baso, lymcytes, mocytes

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26
Q

Luekocytosis

A

Infection or inflammation. Can also be caused by Prednisone

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27
Q

Leukopenia

A

Viral infections, BAD infections (Sepsis)

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28
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most numerous WBC, 1st line of defense (Phagocytosis)

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29
Q

Neutrophilia

A

Bacterial infection, inflammation, steroids (prednisone)

30
Q

Neutropenia

A

BAD bacterial infection (sepsis), viral infection

31
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

Mononucleosis, other viral infections

32
Q

Lymphopenia

A

Chemo and radiation, AIDS

33
Q

Eosinophilia

A

Allergies, Asthma, parasites, eczema (Wheezes, sneezes, and weird diseases)

34
Q

Basophilia

A

Allergies (seasonal, food, and drug)

35
Q

Monocytosis

A

infection and recovery

36
Q

RBC count

A

different between men and women

37
Q

Erythrocytosis

A

Polycythemia vera (type of blood cancer)

38
Q

Erythrocytopenia

A

Anemia

39
Q

Hgb evaluation

A

Initial test to check for anemia, Qty differs between men and women

40
Q

Hct

A

Differs between men and women. Is roughly Hgb x 3

41
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

Cancers (Leukemia), acute infections

42
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Some infections (virus, bacteria, tick illnesses), liver disease (cirrhosis)

43
Q

BMP components

A

Na, K, CL, Bicarbonate, BUN, serum sugar, Creatinine, Ca,

44
Q

Hypernatremia

A

increased levels of sodium in blood

45
Q

Hyponatremia

A

decreased levels of sodium in blood

46
Q

Downstream organs that are affected by K changes

A

nerves, muscles, heart (action potentials!)

47
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Elevated K. FALSE POSITIVE = if blood sample gets hemolyzed during collection -> K+ leaves

48
Q

Hypokalemia

A

decreased K

49
Q

Hyperchloremia

A

elevated Ca

50
Q

Hypochloremia

A

decreaed Ca

51
Q

Alkalosis

A

elevated Bicarbonate

52
Q

Acidosis

A

decreaed bicarbonate

53
Q

increased BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

A

Kidney insufficiency, Urinary tract obstruction

54
Q

decreased BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

A

Low protein diet

55
Q

Creatinine

A

normal range differs bewteen men and women

56
Q

Elevated creatinine

A

decreased renal function

57
Q

GFR

A

Kidneys are not working well

58
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

DM, severe infection, steroids

59
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low BS

60
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

heart problems. Can be increased by Hyperparathyroidism (elevated bone breakdown) and too much Vit D

61
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

muscle contractions, seizure. Can be decreased by Hypoparathyroidism, Vit D deficiency

62
Q

Hgb A1c

A

test for DM, not accurate during pregnancy

63
Q

increased serum amylase

A

Pancreatitis

64
Q

decreased serum amylase

A

pancreatic insufficiency

65
Q

increased serum lipase

A

Pancreatitis

66
Q

Increased serum AST

A

Liver problems

67
Q

increased serum ALT

A

liver damage (infection, alcohol, medication, cancer)

68
Q

increased serum Alk Phos

A

Liver problems

69
Q

decreaesd serum Alk Phos

A

Osteoporosis

70
Q

Increased serum GCT

A

Liver problems (including alcoholism)

Laboratory medicine (3 decks)

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