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2022-2023 > AP Psych Units I + II > Flashcards

AP Psych Units I + II Flashcards

1
Q

A study method incorporating five steps; Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review.

A

S3R

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2
Q

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information.

A

Testing effect

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3
Q

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.

A

Social-cultural psychology

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4
Q

A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.

A

Psychodynamic psychology

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5
Q

The scientific study of links between biological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological experiences. (Some biological psychologists call themselves bio psychologists.)

A

Biological Psychology

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6
Q

The scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by its principles of learning.

A

Behavioral Psychology

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7
Q

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social culture viewpoints.

A

Biopsychological approach

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8
Q

The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive.

A

Positive psychology

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9
Q

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from generation to the next.

A

Culture

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10
Q

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.

A

Behavior genetics

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11
Q

The study of mental processes, such as when we perceive, learn, remember, think, communicate, and solve problems.

A

Cognitive psychology

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12
Q

The long standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.

A

Nature-nurture issue

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13
Q

The principle that inherited traits better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will (in competition with other trait variations) most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

A

Natural selection

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14
Q

The science of behavior and mental processes.

A

Psychology

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15
Q

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language.)

A

Cognitive neuroscience

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16
Q

The scientific study of the measurements of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.

A

Psychometrics

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17
Q

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

A

Basic research

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18
Q

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout the lifespan.

A

Developmental psychology

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19
Q

The study of how psychological processes can affect and can enhance teaching and learning.

A

Educational psychology

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20
Q

The study of individuals’ characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting.

A

Personality psychology

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21
Q

The scientific study of how we think about influence, and relate to one another.

A

Social psychology

22
Q

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

A

Applied research

23
Q

The application of psychological concepts and human methods to optimizing human behavior in workplace.

A

Industrial-organization (I/O) psychology

24
Q

A field of psych allied w/ I/O psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.

A

Human factors psychology

25
Q

A branch of psych that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and achieving greater well-being.

A

Counseling psychology

26
Q

Branch of psych that studies, assists, and treats people with psych disorders.

A

Clinical psychology

27
Q

A branch of medicine that deals with psych disorders; practiced by physicians who are licensed to provide medical (ex. drug, treatments as well as psychological therapy

A

Psychiatry

28
Q

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups.

A

Community psychology

29
Q

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it. (AKA The I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon)

A

Hindsight bias

30
Q

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events.

A

Theory

31
Q

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.

A

Hypothesis

32
Q

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study. Ex: Human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures.

A

Operational definition

33
Q

Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations to see whether the basic finding can be reproduced.

A

Replication

34
Q

A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.

A

Case study

35
Q

A descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations w/o trying to manipulate or control the situation.

A

Naturalistic observation

36
Q

A descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning or a representative, random sample of the group.

A

Survey

37
Q

All those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn.

A

Population

38
Q

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.

A

Random sample

39
Q

Thinking that doesn’t blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, and assesses conclusions.

A

Critical thinking

40
Q

The idea that knowledge comes from experience, and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge.

A

Empiricism

41
Q

Professor who established first psych university in Leipzig, Germany. (Flicking lights guy)

A

Wilhelm Wundt

42
Q

An early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the human mind structure.

A

Structuralism

43
Q

The process of looking inward in an attempt to directly observe one’s own psych processes

A

Introspection

44
Q

Used introspection to search for the mind’s structural elements.

A

Titchener

45
Q

An early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explained how mental and behavioral processes function – how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.

A

Functionalism

46
Q

Mentored by James, and became a pioneering memory researcher and first woman to be president of American Psychologist Association.

A

Mary Whiton Calkins

47
Q

View that psych (1). Should be an objective science that (2). Studies behavior w/o reference to mental processes. (Most psychologists today disagree with 2)

A

Behaviorism

48
Q

Championed psych as scientific study of behavior In controversial “Little Albert” study he and Rayner showed fear could be learned.

A

John B. Watson

49
Q

This leading behavioralist rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior (Pigeon guy)

A

B.F. Skinner

50
Q

Controversial ideas of famed personality theorist and therapist who have influenced humanity’s self-understanding.

A

Sigmund Freud

2022-2023 (3 decks)

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