Criminal Justice Chapter 1

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

The way of life of a group of people, including customs, beliefs, arts, institutions, and overall worldview. Culture is acquired through many means and is always changing.

Question 2

Cultural Identity

Answer 2

The identity or feeling of belonging to a group. It is part of a person’s self-perception and it’s related to one’s nationality, ethnicity, religion, social class, generation and locality or any kind of social group that has its own distinct culture.

Question 3

Marginalized

Answer 3

To push a group of people to the outside of a mainstream society.

Question 4

Civilization

Answer 4

A relatively high level of cultural and technological development- refinement of thought, manners, or taste.

Question 5

Humanities

Answer 5

The branch of learning that connects the fine arts, literature, languages, philosophy, and cultural science.

Question 6

Ethics

Answer 6

Moral principle that governs one’s behavior, A value code.

Question 7

Philosophy

Answer 7

The search for the general understanding of values and reality using speculative, instead of observational means- the pursuit of wisdom.

Question 8

Tyranny

Answer 8

Rule by a king/ queen, or ruling family who makes up all the rules of government. (England 1770)

Question 9

Democracy

Answer 9

A nation ruled by elected officials who are voted in by the majority of its voters. (America 1788)

Question 10

Capitalism

Answer 10

An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by state.

Question 11

American Revolution

Answer 11

Also called United States War of Independence or AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY War (1775-83), insurrection by which 13 of Great Britain’s North American colonies won political independence and went on to form the United States of America. The war followed more than a decade of growing estrangement between the British.

Question 12

Articles of Confederation

Answer 12

A plan that established a state dominated government- no federal or central government. The original 13 states were like 13 miniature countries.

Question 13

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 13

In 1786, soldier and farmer almost took over the state of Massachusetts, over taxation. This shocked America.

Question 14

Constitution in 1787

Answer 14

Reaction to Shay’s Rebellion, the founding fathers collected themselves, and met in Philadelphia to address what was going wrong and created a unifying central government led by an elected president, and also wrote a set of protected individual liberties.

Question 15

Bill of Rights

Answer 15

Written down, it can be altered or changed, which are called Amendments.

Question 16

mistakes the Constitutional Convention made..

Answer 16

1. The Constitutional convention ignored women by not them the right to vote. 2. Left the gate open to keep moving west. 3 did not outlaw slavery. 4. only white male citizens were able to vote. 5. Native Americans did not have the right to vote.

Question 17

Three- Fifths Compromise

Answer 17

This compromise was an agreement over the counting of slaves in order to determine a state’s total population which was reached during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention. This count would determine the number of seats in the House of Representatives; the number of electoral votes which each state would be allocated.; and how much money each state would pay in taxes. The compromise counted three-fifths of each state’s slave population for the purpose of apportioning the House of Representatives. Even though slaves were denied voting right this gave Southern states more Representatives and more presidential electoral votes than if slaves had been counted. This also gave slaveholders similarly enlarged powers in Southern legislatures; this was an issue in the secession of West Virginia from Virginia in 1863. *Free blacks and indentured servants were not apart of this compromise, and each was counted as one full person for representation. *In 1808 the Constitution ended the slave trade to America, not within America.

Question 18

How dire would the slavery issue eventually become?

Answer 18

We would go to war with ourselves over this issue.

Question 19

Civil War (1861-1865)

Answer 19

most colossally in American History.