Exam 1

Question 1

Gettysburg Address

Answer 1

Short speech given by Abraham Lincoln following the battle of Gettysburg. In it, he references the Declaration of Independence, stating “all men are created equal”. Thus giving the Civil war the meaning of the end of slavery, not just the preservation of the union.

Question 2

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 2

1863 By Lincoln. Frees slaves in the states that had succeeded from the union. Started the movement to make the war about slavery, but not entirely.

Question 3

Reconstruction

Answer 3

(1865-1877) Process of putting the union back together following the Civil War. The federal govt. oversaw southern affairs. Empowered African Americans.

Question 4

Redemption

Answer 4

The process of white southern Democrats regaining control of the state govt. using violence and intimidation. A return to “home rule” at the expense of African Americans Civil Rights.

Question 5

Black Codes

Answer 5

1865-66. Codes created by Southern States to control Freed-people. The codes enumerated the rights of marriage, contracts, property ownership, and limited access to the legal system. However, they also implemented pass laws, vagrancy laws, anti-enticement laws (limited wages), yearly contracts, and restrictive job codes.

Question 6

Freedmans Bureau

Answer 6

Worked to negotiate the structure of labor for freedmen. Negotiated conflict. Supported a free market.

Question 7

14th Amendment

Answer 7

July 9, 1869. Prohibited the state from discriminating based on race.

Question 8

Share cropping

Answer 8

The division of plantation lands into a plot that freedpeople could farm on. The family would have to give a share of the crop to the plantation owner as “rent.” Black families found this to be better than wage labor.

Question 9

Cruikshank v. United States

Answer 9

Ruled that the 14th Amendment applies to state action and NOT individuals. The state has to give equal protection, but people do not. Thus, people can be racist. 1876

Question 10

Mississippi Plan

Answer 10

(1874). Violent groups murder and threaten Black people to prevent them from voting. Ensured that Souther Democrats won the election.

Question 11

Compromise of 1877

Answer 11

Samuel Tilden (D) v. Rutherford B. Hayes (R). Tilden “won” the election with serious fraud allegations. A deadlock ensued. To Compromise: Hayes wins, BUT agrees to: withdraw all federal troops in the south, place one Southerner in his cabinet, and stay out of southern affairs. MARKS THE END OF RECONSTRUCTION

Question 12

Fort Laramie Treaty 1851

Answer 12

Attempt to stop conflict between migrants and indigenous people. Gave settlers the right to cross the plains. divided plains into Native American Jurisdictions. Paid annuities for lost game.

ALSO SEEN AS US RECOGNIZING SIOUX AS GROWING POWER

Question 13

Sand Creek Massacre

Answer 13

Late Nov. 1864. U.S troops raid Sand Creek Camp and killed 135 Natives. This provoked region wide retaliation. Started the unsuccessful Plains Indian Campaign by U.S troops.

Question 14

Dawes Severalty Act

Answer 14

1887. Forces Native Americans to take up agriculture. They move from reservations to allotments, therefore losing lots of land.

Question 15

Wounded Knee

Answer 15

Massacre of 150-300 Natives. In part due to the Ghost Dance

Question 16

Buffalo Bill Cody

Answer 16

American Soldier, Hunter, and Showman. Saw the frontier as a very violent place.

Question 17

Fredrick Jackson Turner

Answer 17

Belief that frontier defined American freedom, democracy, and values. However, he forgets the voices of Natives, as well as women or African Americans.

Question 18

Union Stockyards

Answer 18

Where cattle was driven through Chicago. Housed thousands of animals. There were associated meat packing plants. Puts local butchers out of business.

Question 19

Chicago Board of Trade

Answer 19

1848: Mechanized the grain trade by creating grain standards into 3 types and 4 qualities. Farmers would give their grain to an elevator and get it typed and quality. Then they would receive a receipt so they could sell that type of grain later.

Question 20

Munn v. Illinois

Answer 20

1877: Decision: grain elevators are “clothed in public trust” so states can regulate them. Precedent for future govt. regulation.

Question 21

The great Railroad Strike of 1877

Answer 21

Factors: Overbuilding caused a recession causing lower wages and reduced work week. People began to strike. State militias violently put down strikes.

Question 22

The Corporation

Answer 22

Separates managers from owners. Creates a white collar class.

Question 23

Fredrick Winslow Taylor

Answer 23

Scientific Management. Time and motion studies on how to make work faster. Causing workers to be more productive but not receive more pay.

Question 24

The Assembly Line

Answer 24

Pioneered by Henry Ford’s Highland park Plant in 1913. -Mechanized -lowered production costs -doubled wages to lower turnover.

Question 25

Subtreasury plan

Answer 25

Proposed system of federal crop storage facilities. Would allow farmers to store crops and get a loan for 80% of crops value. Therefore boosting the rural economy and allows farmers to avoid private elevators.

Question 26

Omaha Platform

Answer 26

The govt. is corrupt.
-state ownership of railroads and telegraphs
-8 hour day
-land restriction

Question 27

Election 1896

Answer 27

Jennings Bryan: Democrat and Populist ticket. McKinley win and populism fades out.

Question 28

American Federation of Labor

Answer 28

1886 Led Gompers. Skilled workers. They accept Capitalism. Exclusive to white people. Non-partisan. NO FEDERAL REGULATION. UNIONS SHOULD NEGOTIATE.

Question 29

Liberty of Contract

Answer 29

Right of individuals to make contract without interference

Question 30

Pullman Strike

Answer 30

1894:Raise rent and utility without raising wages. Strike breaks out. Govt. sides with Pullman. Charges Union with obstruction of mail.