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AP HUG vocab terms > AP HUG VOCAB UNIT 1 > Flashcards

AP HUG VOCAB UNIT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Map

A

a representation of an area of land or sea showing physical features, cities, roads, etc.

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2
Q

cartographer

A

a person who makes maps

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3
Q

data aggregation

A

the compiling of information from databases with intent to prepare combined datasets for data processing

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4
Q

spatial patterns

A

the placement or arrangement of objects on Earth’s surface; also includes the space between those objects

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5
Q

spatial perspective

A

identify use of space

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6
Q

reference maps

A

a map that shows geographic locations on Earth’s surface, such as the locations of cities or oceans

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7
Q

thematic maps

A

a map that emphasizes the spatial patterns of geographic statistics or attributes, and sometimes the relationships between them

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8
Q

absolute distance

A

the distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length, such as a foot, yard, mile, or kilometer

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9
Q

relative distance

A

shows similarity despite absolute location

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10
Q

clustered

A

when things on a map are grouped together, like data

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11
Q

dispersed

A

when things like data on a map are spread out

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12
Q

map projections

A

a method for representing the surface of Earth or a celestial sphere on a plane (two-dimensional) surface; all map projections distort some aspect of Earth’s surface

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13
Q

distortion

A

he alteration of the original shape (or other characteristic) of an object, image, sound, waveform or other form of information or representation

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14
Q

Mercator projection

A

a map projection that is useful for navigation because the lines connecting points on the map represent the true compass direction; however, landmasses become increasingly distorted the farther away they are from the equator

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15
Q

Peters Projection

A

a map projection that shows all landmasses with their true areas but distorts their shapes

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16
Q

Goode projection

A

a map projection that avoids shape distortion and the restrictions of a rectangular map by creating “interruptions” in the map’s continuity; in each section, map projection regions are shown “equally”, like an orange peel being laid out in a flat surface

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17
Q

Robinson Projection

A

a map projection that attempts to create the most visually appealing representation of Earth by keeping all types of distortion relatively low over most of the map

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18
Q

census

A

an official court or survey of a population, typically recording various details about individuals, such as age, sex, and race

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19
Q

fieldwork

A

learning and doing research involving first hand experience, which takes place outside the classroom setting

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20
Q

absolute location

A

a precise position on Earth’s surface

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21
Q

latitude (lines)

A

the (invisible) horizontal lines circling Earth parallel to the equator; latitude is the degree of distance north or south from the equator, which is at 0 degrees, as far as the poles, which are at 90 degrees

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22
Q

longitude (lines)

A

The (invisible) vertical lines on Earth’s surface that mark imaginary circles connecting the North Pole with the South Pole

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23
Q

equator

A

an imaginary line around the middle of a planet or other celestial body. It is halfway between the north pole and the south pole, at 0 degrees latitude.

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24
Q

prime meridian

A

the zero degree longitude line that runs through Greenwich, England; also known as the Greenwich Meridian

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25
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

a system of 24 satellites that orbit Earth twice daily and transmit radio signals Earthward; the basis for many map-based apps that provide directions on how to get from one place to another

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26
Q

Geographic Information System (GIS)

A

a software application for capturing, storing, checking, and displaying data related to positions on Earth’s surface; allows the rapid manipulation of geospatial data for problem solving and research

27
Q

remote sensing

A

the scanning of Earth by satellite or high flying aircraft in order to obtain information about it

28
Q

aerial photography

A

remote sensing photography that produces fine grained, high resolution, highly detailed images

29
Q

satellite imagery

A

images of Earth’s surface gathered from sensors mounted on orbiting satellites; these sensors record in both the visible and non-visible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, allowing humans to view patterns and processes that are both visible and invisible to the naked eye

30
Q

Relative location

A

the position of one place (or person) in relation to the position of another place (or person)

31
Q

space

A

the areas we occupy as humans; it has no value until the people who occupy it make it their own

32
Q

place

A

how we modify space based on who we are as a group of people

33
Q

cultural landscape

A

the built forms that cultural groups create in inhabiting Earth– farm fields, cities, houses, and so on – and the meaning, values, representations, and experiences associated with those forms

34
Q

globalization

A

where businesses develop international influence or operate on an international scale

35
Q

time space compression

A

the decreasing distance between places, as measured by travel time or cost; often summarized by the phrase “the world is shrinking”

36
Q

time distance decay

A
37
Q

interdependence

A

the ties established between regions and countries that over time collectively create a global economic system that is not necessarliy based on equality

38
Q

diffusion

A

the pattern by which a phenomenon such as the movement of people, or their ideas, technologies, or preferences, spreads from a particular location through space and time

39
Q

cultural ecology

A

the study of the interactions between societies and their local environments

40
Q

ecosystem

A

a territorially bounded system consisting of the interaction between humans and the environment

41
Q

environmental perception

A

how humans perceive nature

42
Q

natural hazards

A
43
Q

natural resources

A

materials that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain

44
Q

non renewable resources

A

natural resources that are available on earth in finite quantities and will eventually be used up

45
Q

renewable resources

A

natural resources that earth will naturally replenish over time

46
Q

greenhouse gasses

A

compounds in the atmosphere from fossil fuels combustion such as CO2 that absorb and trap heat energy close to Earth’s surface

47
Q

greenhouse effect

A

GLOBAL WARMING

48
Q

environmental determinism

A

the belief that the physical environment is the dominant force shaping cultures and that humanity is a passive product of its physical surroundings

49
Q

possibilism

A

environment offers ways for society to grow from problems

50
Q

global scale

A

geographic scale that looks at geographic phenomena across the entire world

51
Q

regional scale

A
52
Q

national scale

A

geographic scale that identifies and analyzes geograohic phenomena within a specific country

53
Q

local style

A

geographic scale that identifies and analyzes geographic phenomena within a state or province, a city or town, or a neighborhood

54
Q

global perspective

A

seeing and understanding how any situation impacts or relates to people around the world

55
Q

region

A

a geographic unit based on one or more common traits

56
Q

formal region

A

a geographical area inhabited by people who have one or more traits in common

57
Q

functional region

A

a geographic area that has been organized to function politically, socially , culturally, or economically as one unit

58
Q

nodes

A

FOCAL POINTS

59
Q

metropolitan areas

A

an area composed of heavily populated urban core and its less populated surrounding areas

60
Q

perceptual/vernacular region

A

a geographic area that is perceived to exist by its inhabitants based on the widespread acceptance and use of a unique regional name

61
Q

sense of place

A

the strong perception of place had by people

62
Q

contested boundaries

A

boundaries that are disputed for cultural, religious or political reasons

63
Q

regional analysis

A

the process of examining patterns and processes within and between regions at multiple geographic scales

AP HUG vocab terms (2 decks)

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