Chemistry & Macromolecules Flashcards
What are the 4 key atoms’ most living organisms?
Hydrogen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
What are electrons (e-) and their purpose?
Negatively charged atomic particles that determine the chemical behavior of an atom.
What are protons and their purpose?
Positively charged atomic particles that determine element type.
What are neutrons and their purpose?
Neutral atomic particles that determine the isotope (version) of an element.
Electrons are located where?
In the outermost shell (valence shell).
The 1st valence shell contains how many electrons?
The 2nd shell valence contains how many electrons?
The 3rd shell valence contains how many electrons?
1st: 2 e-
2nd: 8 e-
3rd: 8 e-
What are Covalent Bonds?
A strong bond where e- are shared between atoms.
What’s the difference between Polar Covalent Bonds and Non-Polar Covalent Bonds?
Polar Covalent Bonds: share e- unequally and atoms become positively or negatively charged.
Non-Polar Covalent Bonds: share e- equally.
What are Hydrogen Bonds?
A weak bond between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and another negatively charged atom.
What are Ionic Bonds?
A weak bond where the polarity of atoms is established by e- transfer.
What is Electronegativity?
The tendency of atoms to pull electrons into it’s valence shell.
How does the Pauling Scale work?
The higher the number on the Pauling scale the more electronegative the atom is.
What are Macromolecules?
Large molecules that are usually made by linking subunits molecules together.
How do you get from particles to macromolecules?
Particles > Atoms > Molecules > Subunits (monomers) > Marcomolecules.
What’s the difference between Dehydration Reaction and Hydrolysis Reaction?
Dehydration Reaction: The process of linking molecules together.
Hydrolysis Reaction: The process of breaking apart macromolecules.
