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ortho-pedo test > orthodontics > Flashcards

orthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

orthodontics

A

specialized branch of dentistry that diagnoses, prevents and treats dental and oral facial irregularities

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2
Q

ortho provides treatment….

A
  • straightens teeth that are rotated, tilted or properly aligned
  • corrects crowded or unevenly spaced teeth
  • correct bite problems
  • align upper and lower jaws
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3
Q

osteoblasts

A

builds bone

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4
Q

osteoclasts

A

breaks down bone

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5
Q

ortho reduces adversity in what 3 areas?

A

psychosocial problems
oral malfunction
dental disease

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6
Q

psychosocial problems

A

severe malocclusion and dental facial
deformities can be a social handicap and can impact patient self esteem

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7
Q

oral malfunction

A

compromised oral function like chewing, talking and tmj pain

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8
Q

malocclusion in dental disease

A

malocclusion can contribute to dental decay and periodontal disease as well as an inability to control plaque

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9
Q

3 sections of patient care

A
  • obtain records and create private setting
  • take radiographs
  • provide clinic care at all stages of treatment
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10
Q

5 most common developmental disturbances

A
  • missing teeth
  • malformed teeth
  • supernumerary teeth
  • interference with eruption
  • ectopic eruption
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11
Q

genetic causes

A

possible discrepancies in size of jaw or size of teeth are evident like small jaw big teeth

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12
Q

environmental causes for ortho issues

A
  • birth injuries
  • fetal molding
  • trauma during birth
  • injury
  • bad dental habits
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13
Q

when should a thumb sucking habit be lost

A

when mixed dentition first arises the habit should be stopped

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14
Q

malocclusion

A

maxillary and mandibular teeth when closed don’t occlude properly

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15
Q

bad oral habits include….

A

tongue thrusting
tongue thrust swallowing
thumb/finger sucking
bruxism
mouthbreathing

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16
Q

what tooth is termed “key of occlusion”

A

maxillary first molar

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17
Q

crowding

A

most common one or more teeth involved in misplacement

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18
Q

overjet

A

excessive protrusion of max incisors,

causes space between facial surface of mand incisors and lingual surface of max incisors

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19
Q

overbite

A

increased vertical overlap of max incisors

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20
Q

open bite

A

lack of vertical overlap of max incisors

creates opening when teeth are closed

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21
Q

cross bite

A

tooth not properly aligned with opposing tooth

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22
Q

corrective orthodontics

A

conditions which require the movement of teeth and the correction of malrelationships and malformations

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23
Q

corrective orthodontics includes the following

A
  • fixed appliances
  • removable appliances
    orthographic surgery
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24
Q

a orthodontic clinical examination includes

A
  • evaluation of oral health
  • evaluation of jaw and occlusal function
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25
Q

best type of x-rays for orthodontics

A

panoramic
cephalometric

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26
Q

6 diagnostic records includes

A
  • photographs
  • analysis of facial proportions
  • craniofacial images
  • cephalometric analysis
  • computed tomography
  • diagnostic casts
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27
Q

orthodontic treatment

A

refers to the use of fixed and removable appliances or a combination of the two types to mechanically move the teeth jaw

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28
Q

fixed appliances

A

aka braces

combination of bands, brackets, arch wires and auxiliaries that can move the teeth in six directions

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29
Q

what 6 directions do braces move your teeth

A
  • mesially
  • distally
  • lingually
    -facially
    -apically
  • occlusally
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30
Q

separators

A

tight interproximal contacts can make it impossible to possibly seat and band so these are used to create a space for them

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31
Q

two types of separators for posterior teeth

A

steel separating springs
elastomeric separators

32
Q

orthodontic bands

A

preformed stainless steel pans, fitted around the teeth and cemented into place usually on the first or second molar

33
Q

fitting molar bands

A

Proceeded on tooth, my finger pressure from his your sister services brings the band closer to the height of marginal ridges

34
Q

band pusher

A

used to see the band into place, mesio buccally, and distal lingually

35
Q

what cement is used for ortho? why?

A

Glass ionomer

because if it’s strength, and it releases fluoride to prevent decay under the band

36
Q

Bonded brackets

A

most resourceful component of a fixed appliance

37
Q

What foreign materials are reported brackets made of

A

stainless steel
Titanium
Ceramic
Or a combination of these

38
Q

Auxiliary attachments

A

Are attached to molar bands or single brackets

39
Q

Four types of auxiliary attachments

A

Headgear tubes
Edwis tubes
Labial hooks
Lingual arch attachment

40
Q

ortho scaler

A

aids in bracket placement, removal of excess cement or bonding material

41
Q

ligature director

A

guides the elastic or wire ligature tie around the bracket

42
Q

band plugger

A

helps to seat a molar band

43
Q

bite stick

A

helps to seat a molar band

44
Q

beak pliers

A

forming and bending wires

45
Q

howe 110 pliers

A

allows placement, removal and adjustment bends in the arch wire

46
Q

pin + ligature cutter

A

cut the ligature wire once lighted around the band

47
Q

bracket placement tweezers

A

carry and place the binder bracket around the tooth

48
Q

band remover pliers

A

remove band without stress in the tooth

49
Q

headgear tubes

A

round, placed on max first molar bands, used for insertion into f the inner bow of a face bow appliance

50
Q

edgewise tubes

A

rectangular, placed gingival to plane of the main arch wire

should be present in facial surfaces of upper and lower first molars to receive the arch wire

51
Q

labial hooks

A

located in the facial surface of the 1st and 2nd molar bands and brackets for both arches

52
Q

what do labial hold

A

interarch elastic

53
Q

lingual arch attachment

A

a button or bracket th at is located on the lingual portion of the bands to stabilize the arch and reinforce anchorage and tooth movement

54
Q

arch wire

A

pattern from which dental arch will take its shape

55
Q

4 types of arch wire

A

Nickel titanium
stainless steel wire
beta titanium
optiflex

56
Q

nickel titanium arch wire

A

useful for movement dude to flexibility

used during the initial stages for maligned and/or crowded teeth

57
Q

stainless steel wire

A

stiffer and stronger used to apply greater force and better stability to control the teeth

58
Q

what arch wire is referred to as “the working wire”

A

stainless steel wire

59
Q

beta titanium arch wire

A

may be used when many bands need ti be placed due to its combination of strength, flexibility and memory

60
Q

optiflex

A

made from composite material with a top coat of optical glass fibers

most aesthetically pleasing

61
Q

2 shapes of arch wires and when they are used

A

round wires: used during initial and intermediate stages of treatment

square or rectangular wires: used during final stages of treatment

62
Q

kobayashi hooks

A

ligature ties which are spot-welder at tip to form a hook for attachment of elastics

63
Q

clear aligned treatment

A

vacuum formed clear aligner that is removable

Invisalign is a brand

64
Q

what 4 things must a dental assistant check for in adjustment visits

A
  • broken it missing arch wires
  • loose brackets and missing band
  • loose, broken, or missing ligatures
  • loose, broken, or missing elastics
65
Q

headgear

A

external orthopaedic device used to control growth and tooth movement

66
Q

what 2 parts make up headgear

A

face bow
traction device

67
Q

face bow

A

portion of headgear that stabilizes or loves the maxillary first molar distal and to create more room in the arch

68
Q

traction device

A

part of headgear that applies extra oral force needed to achieve desired treatment results

69
Q

retention

A

control of tooth position and occlusal relationship after fixed appliances are removed

70
Q

3 things retention is necessary for

A

1) allow gingival and periodontal tissues required time for reorganization
2) supports teeth that are in an unstable position
3) to control changes caused by growth

71
Q

orthodontic positioner

A

a custom appliance that is made of rubber or pliable acrylic and fits over the patients dentition after orthodontic treatment

72
Q

3 things an orthodontic positioner is designed for

A

1) retain the teeth in their desired position
2) permit the alveolus to rebuild support around the teeth before the patient wears the retainer
3) massage the gingiva

73
Q

hawley retainer

A

removable retainer that is work to passively retain the teeth in their new position while still allowing some tooth movement

74
Q

where is the hawley retainer placed

A

maxillary: placed over palate
mandibular: placed over floor of the mouth

75
Q

lingual retainer

A

fixed lingual canine ti canine retainer designed to be bonded to lingual surface

ortho-pedo test (2 decks)

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